DUNCAN, I

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: He is the historical basis of the "King Duncan" in Shakespeare's play Macbeth
• Relation to Me: 30 GGF
• Name: Donnchad mac Crinain (Modern Gaelic: Donnchadh mac Crìonain;[2] anglicised as Duncan I, and nicknamed An t-Ilgarach, "the Diseased" or "the Sick"
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1034 and 1040; King of Scotland

Notes:

Unlike the "King Duncan" of Shakespeare's Macbeth, the historical Duncan appears to have been a young man. He followed his grandfather Malcolm as king after the latter's death on 25 November 1034, without apparent opposition. He may have been Malcolm's acknowledged successor or Tànaiste as the succession appears to have been uneventful.

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Queen Hereafter: A Novel of Margaret of Scotland
• Differentiator: Malcolm appears in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth as Malcolm, and also as the anti-hero of its 2009-written (by Noah Lukeman), and historically very inaccurate, successor-play The Tragedy of Macbeth Part II.
• Relation to Me: 29 GGF
• Name: Canmore (ceann mòr) in Scottish Gaelic, "Great Chief"
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1058 and 1093; King of the Scots

Notes:

Malcolm's long reign, lasting 35 years, preceded the beginning of the Scoto-Norman age. He is the historical equivalent of the character of the same name in Shakespeare's Macbeth.
Malcolm III fought a succession of wars against the Kingdom of England, which may have had as their goal the conquest of the English earldom of Northumbria. These wars did not result in any significant advances southwards. Malcolm's main achievement is to have continued a line which would rule Scotland for many years, although his role as "founder of a dynasty" has more to do with the propaganda of his youngest son David, and his descendants, than with any historical reality.

Family/Spouse: SCOTLAND, Margaret of. Margaret (daughter of EDWARD-AETHELING and AGATHA) was born in 1045 in Hungary; died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Although she is usually called Matilda, she was born with the name Eadgyth (Edith), as Orderic Vitalis notes. Before her marriage to king Henry I, she had been sought in marriage by Alan Rufus of Brittany and William de Warenne, Earl of Surrey
• Relation to Me: 28 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Princess of Scotland, Queen Consort of England

Notes:

After her death, she was remembered by her subjects as "Matilda the Good Queen" and "Matilda of Blessed Memory", and for a time sainthood was sought for her, though she was never canonized. Matilda is also thought to be the identity of the "Fair Lady" mentioned at the end of each verse in the nursery rhyme London Bridge Is Falling Down. The post-Norman conquest English monarchs to the present day are related to the Anglo-Saxon House of Wessex monarchs via Matilda of Scotland as she was the great-granddaughter of King Edmund Ironside, see House of Wessex family tree.

Buried:
Westminster Abbey

Family/Spouse: HENRY, King of England I. I (son of WILLIAM, I and COUNTESS OF FLANDERS, Matilda) was born in 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England; died on 1 Dec 1135 in Angers, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; was buried on 4 Jan 1136 in Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: David I: The King Who Made Scotland
• Books About: David the Prince
• Name: Dauíd mac Maíl Choluim
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1124 and 1153; King of the Scots

King married MAUDE, Countess of Huntingdon Queen in 1113. Queen (daughter of NORTHUMBERLAND, Waltheof and OF LENS, Judith) was born in 1074; died in 1130 in Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in 1130 in Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Lady of the English by Elizabeth Chadwick
• Differentiator: Claimant to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy.
• Relation to Me: 27 GGM
• Name: Matilda Maud Empress Of GERMANY
• Birth: 7 Feb 1102
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 7 Jan 1114 and 23 May 1125; Holy Roman Empress; German Queen; Queen of Italy
• Death: 10 Sep 1167

Notes:

The daughter of King Henry I of England, she moved to Germany as a child when she married the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. She travelled with her husband into Italy in 1116, was controversially crowned in St. Peter's Basilica, and acted as the imperial regent in Italy. Matilda and Henry had no children, and when Henry died in 1125, the crown was claimed by Lothair II, one of his political enemies.

On Henry V's death, Matilda was recalled to Normandy by her father, who arranged for her to marry Geoffrey of Anjou to form an alliance to protect his southern borders. Henry I had no further legitimate children and nominated Matilda as his heir, making his court swear an oath of loyalty to her and her successors, but the decision was not popular in the Anglo-Norman court. Henry died in 1135 but Matilda and Geoffrey faced opposition from the Norman barons and were unable to pursue their claims. The throne was instead taken by Matilda's cousin Stephen of Blois, who enjoyed the backing of the English Church.

In 1139 Matilda crossed to England to take the kingdom by force, supported by her half-brother, Robert of Gloucester, and her uncle, King David I of Scotland, while Geoffrey focused on conquering Normandy. Matilda's forces captured Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, but the Empress's attempt to be crowned at Westminster collapsed in the face of bitter opposition from the London crowds. As a result of this retreat, Matilda was never formally declared Queen of England, and was instead titled the Lady of the English.

The war degenerated into a stalemate, with Matilda controlling much of the south-west of England, and Stephen the south-east and the Midlands. Large parts of the rest of the country were in the hands of local, independent barons. Matilda returned to Normandy, now in the hands of her husband, in 1148, leaving her eldest son to continue the campaign in England; he eventually succeeded to the throne as Henry II in 1154.

Empress married PLANTAGENET, Count of Anjou Geoffroy V on 22 May 1127 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. Geoffroy (son of ANJOU, King of Jerusalem, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine Foulques V le Jeune Count of and DU MAINE, Ermengarde) was born on 24 Aug 1113 in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France; died on 7 Sep 1151 in Loire, Rhône-Alpes, France; was buried in Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Heir apparent to the Kingdom of Alba. He was also the 3rd Earl of Northumberland and the 3rd Earl of Huntingdon.

Family/Spouse: DE WARENNE, Ada. Ada (daughter of DE WARREN, William II and VERMANDOIS, Elizabeth of) was born in 1120; died in 1178. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]