TOULOUSE, Wadrada of

Wadrada married ROBERTIEN, COUNT OF WORMSGAU, Rutpert 'Robert' III of Worms in 819 in Wormsgau, Saxony, Germany. Rutpert was born about 800 in Wormsgau, Saxony, Germany; died on 7 Dec 834 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Misc: He was the father of two kings of West Francia Odo (or Eudes) and Robert I of France. Robert the Strong was the great-grandfather of Hugh Capet and thus the ancestor of all the Capetians.
• Misc: His family is named after him and called the Robertians.
• Title: After their arrival in his realm Charles the Bald rewarded the family defecting from his enemy by assigning to Robert the lay abbacy of Marmoutier in 852.
• Title: Margrave in Neustria. In 853 he was named missus dominicus (Latin for "ruler" overseer of administration and justice) by Charles the Bald, King of West Francia.
• Title: Named missus dominicus in the provinces of Maine, Anjou, and Touraine to Robert, giving him de facto control of the ancient ducatus Cenomannicus, a large duchy centred on Le Mans and corresponding to the ancient realm of regnum Neustriae
• Immigration: 850; During the reign of Louis the German in East Francia, the Robertian family emigrated from East Francia to West Francia.
• Misc: 853; Robert's rise came at the expense of the established family of the Rorigonids and was designed to curb their regional power and to defend Neustria from Viking and Breton raids.
• Misc: 858; Revolt sparked by a marriage alliance between Charles and Erispoe, Duke of Brittany, and by the investment of Charles’ son, Louis the Stammerer, with the regnum Neustriae, all which significantly curtailed the powers of both Salomon and Robert.
• _MILT: 858; Joined a rebellion against Charles the Bald. With the Bretons under Salomon he led the Frankish nobles of Neustria and invited Louis the German to invade West Francia and receive their homage.
• _MILT: 862; Charles granted Louis the Stammerer, his son, the lay abbacy of Saint Martin of Tours—a worthy benefice but small in comparison with the kingdom he had received in 856, and lost in 858. Louis rebelled and with Salomon, mounted war against Robert.
• _MILT: Between 863 and 866; Robert warred with Pepin II in his later years. In 863 he again defended Autun from Louis the German; he campaigned in Neustria in 865 and again in 866, shortly before his death, dealing with Bretons and Vikings ravaging the environs of Le Mans.

Notes:

Died:
He began fortifying Paris and fought the Norsemen continuously until his death in battle against them at Brissarthe.

Robert married DELATOURS CAROLINGIAN, Adelaide Judith Adelheid de Auxerre before 860 in France. Adelaide was born in 820 in La Chapelle, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France; died about 882 in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Misc: Robert succeeded the Carolingian king Charles the Simple, and before him, Robert's brother Odo. Robert and his brother Odo were from the family known as the Robertians
• Relation to Me: 34 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Poitiers, Count of Paris and Marquis of Neustria and Orléans.
• Title: Count of Poitiers, Count of Paris and Marquis of Neustria and Orléans
• Title: King of West Francia
• _MILT: 885; Robert was present at the Siege of Paris
• _MILT: 898; He did not claim the crown when Odo died; instead recognized the supremacy of Charles the Simple. Charles then confirmed Robert in his offices and possessions, after which he continued to defend N. Francia from the attacks of the Norsemen.
• _MILT: Jan 921; Defeated a large band of Norse in the Loire Valley, and the defeated invaders converted to Christianity and settled near Nantes.
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 922 and 923; King of West Francia
• _MILT: 2 Jun 922, Rheims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France; Supported by many of the clergy and by some of the most powerful of the Frankish nobles, Robert took up arms, drove Charles into Lorraine, and was himself crowned king of the Franks
• _MILT: 15 Jun 923, Soissons, Côte-d'Or, Bourgogne, France; Rule was contested by the Viking leader Rollo. W/Rollo, Charles marched against Robert. Robert was killed but his army won the battle. Charles was captured.

Notes:

Robert faithfully served his older brother, King Eudes, during Eudes’s reign (888-898), as margrave. Though on Eudes’s death he became one of the most powerful Frankish lords, inheriting all the family lands between the Seine and the Loire rivers, he swore fealty with other magnates to the new king, the Carolingian Charles III the Simple. From 911 onward, his role became more decisive: his defeat of the Northmen at Chartres paved the way for the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, by which Charles assigned them territory in Normandy. Robert stood as godfather at the baptism of Rollo, the Northmen’s chief.

Robert’s military success greatly enhanced his prestige, and dissension between him and the king became undisguised. When Charles III imprudently offered preferment exclusively to lords from Lorraine, the Neustrian lords, led by Robert, broke into open revolt. They elected Robert king at Reims in June 922, and the East Frankish king Henry I immediately recognized Robert’s kingship and rights to Lorraine. In a battle near Soissons in 923, Charles’s army was routed, but Robert was killed. His grandson was Hugh Capet, founder of the Capetian dynasty.

Died:
Killed in battle defending his crown against Charles the Simple. Succeeded as king by his son-in-law Rudolph, Count of Burgandy, also known as Raoul.

Robert married WESTERN FRANCIA, AelisSoissons, Aisne, Picardie, France. Aelis was born in Picardie, France; died in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married VERMANDOIS, Beatrice in 895 in Versailles, Yvelines, Île-de-France, France. Beatrice (daughter of HERBERT, Count of Soissons, Count of Meaux, Count of Vermandois, and lay abbot of Saint Quentin. I and MORVOIS, Bertha de) was born in 880; died in 931 in Soissons, Aisne, Picardie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Countes consort of Vermandois

Notes:

Birth:
Vermandois, Aisne, Picardie, France

married VERMANDOIS, Herbert IIFrance. Herbert (son of HERBERT, Count of Soissons, Count of Meaux, Count of Vermandois, and lay abbot of Saint Quentin. I and MORVOIS, Bertha de) was born in 884 in Senlis, Oise, Picardie, France; died on 23 Feb 943. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Birth:
Vermandois, Normandie, France

Died:
Vermandois, Normandy, France

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 33 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris

Notes:

He was the most powerful man in the kingdom of France (West Francia) during the reign of Louis IV d’Outremer and the early years of King Lothar.

Son of a king (Robert I), father of another (Hugh Capet), and brother-in-law of three more (Rudolf of France, Athelstan of England, and Otto of Germany), Hugh possessed such vast territories that he could easily have assumed the crown on the death of Rudolf in 936, though perhaps at the cost of giving up his numerous counties and abbeys. Preferring to work from behind the throne, he instead suggested the accession of Louis IV, son of the deposed Charles III the Simple, who named him, in return, “duke of the Franks.”

Family/Spouse: SAXONY, Hedwige of. Hedwige (daughter of FOWLER, Henry the and RINGELHEIM, Matilda of) was born in 910; died on 10 May 965. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 33 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Meaux

Robert married DE CHALON, AdelaideFrance. Adelaide (daughter of CHALON, Gilbert of and Living) was born in 914; died in 967. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 33 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Flanders

Family/Spouse: ARNULF, I. I (son of BALDWIN, Second Margrave (or count) of Flanders II and WESSEX, Elftrudis of) was born in 890; died on 28 Mar 965. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 33 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Contess of Vermandois; Duchess Consort of Normandy, Countess Consort of Blois

Family/Spouse: BLOIS, Theobold I of. Theobold (son of BLOIS, Theobald le Vieux of and Living) was born in 913; died in 975. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 32 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 987 and 996; 1st King of the Franks of the House of Capet

Notes:

Most historians regard the beginnings of modern France with the coronation of Hugh Capet. This is because, as Count of Paris, he made the city his power centre. The monarch began a long process of exerting control of the rest of the country from there.

He is regarded as the founder of the Capetian dynasty. The direct Capetians, or the House of Capet, ruled France from 987 to 1328; thereafter, the Kingdom was ruled by cadet branches of the dynasty. All French kings through Louis Philippe, and all royals since then, have belonged to the dynasty. Furthermore, cadet branches of the House continue to reign in Spain and Luxembourg.

All monarchs of the Kingdom of France from Hugh Capet to Philip II of France were titled King of the Franks. Philip II of France was the first to use the title of King of France.

Family/Spouse: AQUITAINE, Adelaide of. Adelaide (daughter of WILLIAM, III and NORMANDY, Adele Gerloc of) was born in 945; died in 1004. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 32 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Chalon and Anjou

Adele married GEOFFREY, I in Mar in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France. I was born in 938; died on 21 Jul 987. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: CHARLES. (son of FRANCE, Louis IV of, son of FRANCE, Louis IV of and SAXONY, Gerberga of) was born in 953 in Laon, Aisne, Picardie, France; died in 993 in Orléans, Loiret, Centre, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 32 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Flanders

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Between 996 and 1003; She ruled Aquitaine as regent for her son, William V, Duke of Aquitaine, from 996 until 1004.

Emma married WILLIAM, IV in 968. IV (son of WILLIAM, III and NORMANDY, Adele Gerloc of) was born in 937; died on 3 Feb 994. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 32 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Blois

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Robert II, known as the Pious, the son of Hugues Capet, was excommunicated for incest by Pope Gregory V after refusing to repudiate his second wife and distant cousin Berthe of Burgundy.
• Relation to Me: 31 GGF
• Name: The Pious or The Wise
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 996 and 1031; King of the Franks

Notes:

Robert distinguished himself with an extraordinarily long reign for the time. His 35-year long reign was marked by his attempts to expand the royal domain by any means, especially by his long struggle to gain the Duchy of Burgundy. His policies earned him many enemies, including three of his sons. He was also known for his difficult marriages: he married three times, annulling two of these and attempting to annul the third, only prevented by the Pope's refusal to accept a third annulment.

The pious Robert made few friends and many enemies, including his own sons: Hugh, Henry, and Robert. They turned against their father in a civil war over power and property. Robert was a devout Catholic, hence his sobriquet "the Pious." He was musically inclined, being a composer, chorister, and poet, and made his palace a place of religious seclusion where he conducted the matins and vespers in his royal robes. Robert's reputation for piety also resulted from his lack of toleration for heretics, whom he harshly punished. He is credited with advocating forced conversions of local Jewry.

Died:
Melun, France

Family/Spouse: ARLES, Constance of. Constance (daughter of PROVENCE, William I of and ANJOU, Adelaide-Blanche of) was born in 968 in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France; died on 28 Jul 1032 in Melun, Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: She was the daughter of Hugh Capet, the first King of France, and his wife, Queen Adelaide of Aquitaine.
• Relation to Me: 30 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Mons
• Name: also called Avoise, Hadevide or Haltude

Family/Spouse: REGINAR, IV. IV was born in 950; died in 1013. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 31 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Anjou
• Name: The Black

Notes:

Celebrated as one of the first great builders of medieval castles. He constructed an estimated 100 of them, along with abbeys, across the Loire Valley in what is now France. He fought successive wars with neighbors in Brittany, Blois, Poitou and Aquitaine and traveled four times to Jerusalem on pilgrimage during the course of his life. Fulk was a natural horseman and a fearsome warrior, with a keen sense of military strategy that saw him get the better of most of his opponents. Fulk was also a devout Christian, and built, enlarged or endowed several abbeys and monasteries, such as the Abbey of Beaulieu-les-Loches, Saint-Florent-le-Vieil, Saint-Aubin, and a convent, Notre Dame de la Charité at Ronceray in Angers. Although he never learned to write, he endowed a school with revenue to provide poor students with an education. Fulk also undertook four pilgrimages to Jerusalem.

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Rennes, Regent of Brittany (992–994) and also Countess of Angoulême.

Family/Spouse: BRITTANY, Conan I. Conan was born in Rennes, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France; died on 27 Jun 992. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 30 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Louvain

Family/Spouse: LAMBERT, I. I was born in 950 in Louvain, Duchy of Lotharingia, East Francia, France; died on 12 Sep 1015 in Florennes, County of Namur, Duchy of Lower Lorraine, Holy Roman Empire, Lorraine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 31 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Flanders

Family/Spouse: ITALY, Rozala of. Rozala was born in 950; died in 1003. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 30 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Poitou
• Name: William V The Great Aquitaine

Notes:

Birth:
Poiters, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France

V married AGNES in Mar 1018 in France. (daughter of OTTO-WILLIAM and DE ROUCY, Ermentrude) was born in 995 in Milan, Milano, Lombardia, Italy; died on 9 Nov 1068 in Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 30 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1031 and 1060; King of the Franks

Notes:

The royal demesne of France reached its smallest size during his reign, and for this reason he is often seen as emblematic of the weakness of the early Capetians. This is not entirely agreed upon, however, as other historians regard him as a strong but realistic king, who was forced to conduct a policy mindful of the limitations of the French monarchy.

Family/Spouse: KIEV, Anne of. Anne (daughter of WISE, Yaroslav the and SWEDEN, Ingegerd Olofsdotter of) was born in 1030; died in 1075; was buried in Villiers Abbey, Le Ferte Alais, Essonne, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Robert was son of King Robert II of France and brother of Henry I of France.[
• Relation to Me: 30 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Duke of Burgandy
• Name: Robert the Old

Notes:

Robert was son of King Robert II of France and brother of Henry I of France.[1]

In 1025, with the death of his eldest brother Hugh Magnus, he and Henry rebelled against their father and defeated him, forcing him back to Paris. In 1031, after the death of his father the king, Robert participated in a rebellion against his brother, in which he was supported by his mother, Constance of Arles. Peace was only achieved when Robert was given Burgundy (1032).

Throughout his reign, he was little more than a robber baron who had no control over his vassals, whose estates he often plundered, especially those of the Church. He seized the income of the diocese of Autun and the wine of the canons of Dijon. He burgled the abbey of St-Germain at Auxerre. In 1048, he repudiated his wife, Helie of Semur followed by the assassination of her brother Joceran and the murdering her father, his father-in-law, Lord Dalmace I of Semur, with his own hands. In that same year, the Bishop of Langres, Harduoin, refused to dedicate the church of Sennecy so as not "to be exposed to the violence of the duke."

His first son, Hugh, died in battle at a young age and his second son, Henry, also predeceased him. He was succeeded by Henry's eldest son, his grandson, Hugh

Family/Spouse: ANJOU, Ermengarde d. Ermengarde (daughter of ANJOU, Fulk III of and Living) was born in 1018 in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France; died on 18 Mar 1076 in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Auxerre

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: co-king of France

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Honoured as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church, her commemoration day is 8 September
• Relation to Me: 29 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Flanders and Duchess of Normandy
• Name: Adela the Holy or Adela of Messines

Adela married FLANDERS, Baldwin V of in 1028 in Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France. Baldwin (son of BALDWIN, IV and Living) was born on 19 Aug 1012 in Arras, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; died on 1 Sep 1067 in Lille, Flanders, Belgium. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Adela married in 1028 in Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 30 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Duchess of Burgundy
• Name: She was sometimes known as Ermengarde-Blanche.

Notes:

Married to count Geoffroy of Gâtinais, she was a widow by late 1045 or early 1046 when her mother Hildegarde departed for the Holy Land [Halphen (1906), 293 (act #169); Guillot (1972), 1: 102, n. 453; 2: 159 (act C 242)]. She then became the second wife of duke Robert I of Burgundy, probably not long afterward (since her daughter by that marriage was married in 1067), and died on the same day as her husband, 18 March 1076. As heiress of her brother Geoffroy II Martel, count of Anjou, Ermengarde carried the Angevin possessions to her sons Geoffroy III "le Barbu" and Foulques IV "le Rechin".

Family/Spouse: GEOFFREY, II. II died between 1043 and 1046. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ermengarde married France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: ROBERT, I. I (son of FRANCE, Robert II of and ARLES, Constance of) was born in 1011; died on 21 Mar 1076. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Paternal grandmother of William the Conqueror.[
• Relation to Me: 30 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Brittany
• Name: Judith DeBretagne; Judith of Rennes

Judith married RICHARD, II in 1000. II (son of RICHARD, I and Living, son of DUKE OF NORMANDY, Richard I "The Fearless" and DE CREPON, Gunnora) was born on 23 Aug 963; died on 28 Aug 1026 in Fécamp, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1033 and 1054; Count of Louvain

Family/Spouse: VERDUN, Oda of. Oda (daughter of GOTHELO, Duke of Lorraine I and Living) was born in 990; died in 1062 in Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 30 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Flanders
• Name: Baldwin the Bearded

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: He married three times and had at least five children. After he divorced his second[sic, first?, his 2nd wife bore a child, his first did not] wife due to infertility, he remarried to a much younger woman who was also his cousin. This marriage produced a son, but William VIII had to visit Rome in the early 1070s to persuade the pope to recognize his children from his third marriage as legitimate.
• Relation to Me: 29 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Poitou, Duke of Gasony amd Duke of Aquitaine
• Name: William VIII and Guy-Geoffrey, Guillaume Pierre VIII Aquitaine

Notes:

Birth:
Poitiers, Vienne, Aquitaine, France

Guillaume married DEBOUGGOGNE, Hildegarde Capet in Sep 1068 in Gironde, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. Hildegarde (daughter of ROBERT, I and ANJOU, Ermengarde d) was born in 1056 in Dijon, Côte-d'Or, Bourgogne, France; died in 1104 in Aquitaine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: duke of Aquitaine and count of Poitou
• Name: born Peter, Pierre-Guillaume; the Eagle; the Bold

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Queen of Germany

Family/Spouse: HENRY, III. III (son of CONRAD, II and SWABIA, Gisela of) was born on 28 Oct 1016; died on 5 Oct 1056. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: A companion of William the Conqueror, on his Invasion of England in 1066.
• Relation to Me: 30 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Viscount of Thouars

Notes:

In 1055 he was allied with Geoffroy Martel, Count of Anjou, against William, Duke of Normandy, and he participated in the siege of Ambrières, a castle built by William on the border of the County of Maine. After returning to Thouars in 1056, he joined the army of the Duke of Aquitaine to fight against the Saracens in Spain. He participated in the capture of Barbastro and brought a rich booty back to his hometown of Thouars.

In 1066, he was in England as part of the invading army of William the Conqueror. At the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, he commanded a corps composed of Poitevins, Bretons, and Angevins. Aimery IV did not settle in England, however, but received ample reimbursement and returned to France.

In Thouars, he rebuilt the castle in 1080. Aimery IV was also lord of La Chaize (near La Roche-sur-Yon), where he built a castle and a church dedicated to St. Nicolas.
Early in 1090, he made war on Pierre de Mortagne and took his castle. The Viscount of Thouars was assassinated by two of his own knights in 1093. He was buried in the church of Saint Nicolas in La Chaize.

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Son of King Henry I of France, Hugh was one of the knightly leaders of the First Crusade
• Relation to Me: 29 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Vermandois
• Name: Hugh Magnus or Hugh the Great

Notes:

Died:
He joined the minor Crusade of 1101, but was wounded in battle with the Turks in September, and died of his wounds in October in Tarsus.

Family/Spouse: VERMANDOIS, Adelaide of. Adelaide died in 1120. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: HOLLAND, Bertha of. Bertha (daughter of HOLLAND, Count of Holland Count Floris I of and SAXONY, Gertrude of) was born in 1055; died on 1 Oct 1094. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 29 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Duchess of Gascony and Aquitaine.

Hildegarde married PIERRE, Guillaume VIII in Sep 1068 in Gironde, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. Guillaume (son of WILLIAM, V and AGNES) was born in 1025; died on 25 Sep 1086 in Chizé, Deux-Sèvres, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Matilda, the daughter of count Baldwin V of Flanders, was married between 1049 and 1053 to duke William (II) of Normandy, better known as William "the Conqueror", who became king of England by conquest in 1066. On Whitsunday (i.e., Pentecost, 11 May in that year) 1068, Matilda was consecrated as queen at Westminster by archbishop Ealdred

Birth:
Burges, Flanders, France

Matilda married WILLIAM, I in 1050 in Castle of Angi, France. I (son of NORMANDY, Robert I Magnificent and Living) was born on 14 Oct 1028 in Falaise, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France; died on 9 Sep 1087 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France; was buried in Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 28 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Hainaut and Flanders
• Name: Baldwin the Good

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Fulk may have married as many as five times; there is some doubt regarding the exact number or how many he repudiated.
• Relation to Me: 29 GGF
• Name: le Réchin The nickname by which he is usually referred has no certain translation. Philologists have made numerous very different suggestions, including "quarreler", "rude", "sullen", "surly" and "heroic". He was noted to be " a man with many reprehensible, even scandalous, habits" by Orderic Vitalis.
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1068 and 1109; Count of Anjou

Notes:

In 1096 Fulk wrote an incomplete history of Anjou and its rulers titled Fragmentum historiae Andegavensis or "History of Anjou." The authorship and authenticity of this work is disputed. Only the first part of the history, describing Fulk's ancestry, is still in existance. The second part, supposedly describing Fulk's own rule, has not been recovered. If he did write it, it is one of the first medieval works of history written by a layman.

The younger brother of count Geoffroy III "le Barbu", Fulk rebelled against his brother and captured him in 1067, and then again in 1068, when he imprisoned his brother again (not releasing him until 1096), and assumed control of the Angevin possessions. He persuaded the French king Phillipe I to accept this arrangement by ceding his paternal heritage of Gâtinais to the king. His later years were troubled by rebellion from his elder son Geoffroy (IV) Martel, who predeceased him, and Fulk was succeeded by his second son Foulques V in 1109.

Family/Spouse: MONTFORT, Bertrade of. Bertrade (daughter of DE MONTFORT, Simon I and Living) was born in 1059 in Île-de-France, France; died on 14 Feb 1117 in Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 29 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Duchess of Gascony and Aquitaine.

Hildegarde married PIERRE, Guillaume VIII in Sep 1068 in Gironde, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. Guillaume (son of WILLIAM, V and AGNES) was born in 1025; died on 25 Sep 1086 in Chizé, Deux-Sèvres, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Nicea, Bithynia, Turkey

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married DEFALAISE, Harlette in 1023 in Graz-Umgebung, Steiermark, Austria. Harlette was born in 1003; died in 1050 in Mortain, Haute-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 28 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1054 and 1071; Count of Louvain

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 29 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Flanders
• Name: Count of Flanders BaldwinBaudouin V
• Birth: 19 Aug 1012, Flanders, Belgium
• Death: 1 Sep 1067, Lille, Flanders, Belgium

Baldwin married FRANCE, Adela of in 1028 in Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France. Adela (daughter of FRANCE, Robert II of and ARLES, Constance of) was born in 1009; died on 8 Jan 1079. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Though his political and military achievements have a certain historical importance, he is best known as the earliest troubadour[1] — a vernacular lyric poet in the Occitan language — whose work survived.
• Relation to Me: 28 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Duke of Aquitaine and Gascony and Count of Poitou
• Name: William IX Aquitaine

Notes:

An anonymous 13th-century vida of William remembers him thus:

The Count of Poitiers was one of the most courtly men in the world and one of the greatest deceivers of women. He was a fine knight at arms, liberal in his womanizing, and a fine composer and singer of songs. He traveled much through the world, seducing women.

In a striking departure from the typical attitude toward women in the period, William seems to have held at least one woman in particularly high esteem, composing several poems in homage to this woman, who he refers to as midons (master):[8]

Every joy must abase itself,
and every might obey
in the presence of Midons, for the sweetness of her welcome,
for her beautiful and gentle look;
and a man who wins to the joy of her love
will live a hundred years.
The joy of her can make the sick man well again,
her wrath can make a well man die,

His frankness, wit and vivacity caused scandal and won admiration at the same time. He is among the first Romance vernacular poets of the Middle Ages, one of the founders of a tradition that would culminate in Dante, Petrarch, and François Villon. Ezra Pound mentions him in Canto VIII:

And Poictiers, you know, Guillaume Poictiers,
had brought the song up out of Spain
with the singers and viels...

In Spirit of Romance Pound also calls William IX "the most 'modern' of the troubadours":

Birth:
Poitiers, Aquitaine, France

Guillaume married MAUDE, Philippa in 1094 in France. Philippa (daughter of WILLIAM, IV and Living) was born on 22 Oct 1073 in Toulouse, Jura, Franche-Comté, France; died on 28 Nov 1118 in Abbey Fontevrault, Aquitaine, France; was buried in Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Luxembourg

Family/Spouse: CONRAD, I. I (son of LUXEMBOURG, Giselbert of) was born in 1040; died on 8 Aug 1086. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Holy Roman Emperor, King of Germany , King of Italy and Burgundy, Duke of Bavaria
• Name: Heinrich IV

Family/Spouse: SAVOY, Bertha of. Bertha was born on 12 Sep 1051; died on 27 Dec 1087. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 28 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Leicester

Notes:

Third daughter of Hugh Magnus and Adelaide of Vermandois and as such represented both the Capetian line of her paternal grandfather Henry I of France, and the Carolingian ancestry of her maternal grandfather Herbert IV of Vermandois. As the wife of two Anglo-Norman magnates, Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester and William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey, she is the ancestress of hundreds of well-known families down to the present time.

Elizabeth is reputed to have had an affair and left her first husband when he was near death. The historian James Planché claimed (1874) that the Countess was seduced by or fell in love with a younger nobleman, William de Warenne. There is no evidence that her second husband, William II de Warenne, second earl of Surrey, was that lover and only later rumors that she had a lover at all during her first marriage. William had sought a royal bride in 1093, but failed in his attempt to wed Matilda of Scotland also known as Edith, who later married Henry I,. He obtained a bride of royal blood when he married Elizabeth in 1118, very soon after the death of Earl Robert. Elizabeth survived her second husband William to later die 1131.

Family/Spouse: DE BEAUMONT, Robert. Robert (son of DE BEAUMONT, Roger and MEULAN, Adeline of) was born between 1040 and 1050; died in Jun 1118. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: DE WARREN, William II. William (son of DE WARENNE, William I and SURREY, Gundred) died on 11 May 1138. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

King married SAVOY, Adelaide of Maurienne in Apr 1115 in Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France. Adelaide was born in 1092 in Savoie, Rhône-Alpes, France; died on 18 Nov 1154 in Abbaye De Montmartre, Savoie, Rhône-Alpes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 28 GGF
• Name: Henry Beauclerc
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1100 and 1136; King of England and Duke of the Normans

Notes:

Considered by contemporaries to be a harsh but effective ruler, Henry skilfully manipulated the barons in England and Normandy. In England, he drew on the existing Anglo-Saxon system of justice, local government and taxation, but also strengthened it with additional institutions, including the royal exchequer and itinerant justices. Normandy was also governed through a growing system of justices and an exchequer. Many of the officials who ran Henry's system were "new men" of obscure backgrounds rather than from families of high status, who rose through the ranks as administrators. Henry encouraged ecclesiastical reform, but became embroiled in a serious dispute in 1101 with Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury,

Family/Spouse: PRINCESS OF SCOTLAND, Matilda. Matilda (daughter of SCOTLAND, Malcolm III of and SCOTLAND, Margaret of) was born in 1088; died on 1 May 1118; was buried in May 1118. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 27 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1071 and 1098; Count of Hainaut

Notes:

Baldwin, sold some of his property to the Bishopric of Liège in order to take the cross in the First Crusade. In 1098 he was sent to Constantinople with Hugh of Vermandois after the siege of Antioch, to seek assistance from the Byzantine emperor. He disappeared during a raid by the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia, and was presumably killed.

Family/Spouse: LOUVAIN, Ida of. Ida (daughter of HENRY, II and Living) died in 1139. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 28 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: King of Jerusalem, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine
• Name: Fulk V

Family/Spouse: DU MAINE, Ermengarde. Ermengarde (daughter of MAINE, Elias Helie of and DECHATEAU DULOIRE, Matilde Countess) was born on 3 Jul 1094 in Maine, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; died on 15 Jan 1126 in Maine, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Though his political and military achievements have a certain historical importance, he is best known as the earliest troubadour[1] — a vernacular lyric poet in the Occitan language — whose work survived.
• Relation to Me: 28 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Duke of Aquitaine and Gascony and Count of Poitou
• Name: William IX Aquitaine

Notes:

An anonymous 13th-century vida of William remembers him thus:

The Count of Poitiers was one of the most courtly men in the world and one of the greatest deceivers of women. He was a fine knight at arms, liberal in his womanizing, and a fine composer and singer of songs. He traveled much through the world, seducing women.

In a striking departure from the typical attitude toward women in the period, William seems to have held at least one woman in particularly high esteem, composing several poems in homage to this woman, who he refers to as midons (master):[8]

Every joy must abase itself,
and every might obey
in the presence of Midons, for the sweetness of her welcome,
for her beautiful and gentle look;
and a man who wins to the joy of her love
will live a hundred years.
The joy of her can make the sick man well again,
her wrath can make a well man die,

His frankness, wit and vivacity caused scandal and won admiration at the same time. He is among the first Romance vernacular poets of the Middle Ages, one of the founders of a tradition that would culminate in Dante, Petrarch, and François Villon. Ezra Pound mentions him in Canto VIII:

And Poictiers, you know, Guillaume Poictiers,
had brought the song up out of Spain
with the singers and viels...

In Spirit of Romance Pound also calls William IX "the most 'modern' of the troubadours":

Birth:
Poitiers, Aquitaine, France

Guillaume married MAUDE, Philippa in 1094 in France. Philippa (daughter of WILLIAM, IV and Living) was born on 22 Oct 1073 in Toulouse, Jura, Franche-Comté, France; died on 28 Nov 1118 in Abbey Fontevrault, Aquitaine, France; was buried in Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: King of England
• Name: William the Conqueror

Notes:

A minor at the time of the death of his father duke Robert on a pilgrimage in 1035, William's early years as duke were spent surviving the dangerous period of his minority and solidifying his position within Normandy. He obtained the crown of England by his victory over Harold II in the famous Battle of Hastings in 1066. At his death in 1087, his eldest son Robert received Normandy, his second surviving son William received England, and his youngest son Henry (who eventually obtained both England and Normandy) received money.

I married COUNTESS OF FLANDERS, Matilda in 1050 in Castle of Angi, France. Matilda (daughter of FLANDERS, Baldwin V of and FRANCE, Adela of, daughter of FRANCE, Adela of) was born on 24 Nov 1031; died on 2 Nov 1083 in Bickleigh, Devon, England; was buried in Bickleigh, Devon, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Alice of Normandy
• Birth: 1027, Falaise, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France
• Death: Bef 1090, Boulogne, Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France, France

Adelaide married LENS, Lambert II of in 1053 in Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France. Lambert (son of BOULOGNE, Count of Boulogne Eustace I Count of and LEUVEN, Matilda of) was born in 992 in Lens, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; died on 19 Jun 1054. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 27 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Hainaut

Notes:

Ida's husband, Baldwin sold some of his property to the Bishopric of Liège in order to take the cross in the First Crusade. In 1098 he was sent to Constantinople with Hugh of Vermandois after the siege of Antioch, to seek assistance from the Byzantine emperor. He disappeared during a raid by the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia, and was presumably killed.

While on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1106, Ida organized a search for her lost husband in Anatolia but to no avail.

Family/Spouse: BALDWIN, II. II (son of BALDWIN, VI) was born in 1056; died in 1098. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Matilda, the daughter of count Baldwin V of Flanders, was married between 1049 and 1053 to duke William (II) of Normandy, better known as William "the Conqueror", who became king of England by conquest in 1066. On Whitsunday (i.e., Pentecost, 11 May in that year) 1068, Matilda was consecrated as queen at Westminster by archbishop Ealdred

Birth:
Burges, Flanders, France

Matilda married WILLIAM, I in 1050 in Castle of Angi, France. I (son of NORMANDY, Robert I Magnificent and Living) was born on 14 Oct 1028 in Falaise, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France; died on 9 Sep 1087 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France; was buried in Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 28 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Hainaut and Flanders
• Name: Baldwin the Good

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 27 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Duke of Aquataine

Notes:

Birth:
St Jacques, Aquitaine, France

Died:
Saint Jacques De Compostelle, Spain

Guillaume married DE CHATELLERAULT, Aenor in 1121. Aenor (daughter of AIMERY, I and ISLE BOUCHARD, Dangereuse Maubergeonne) was born in 1103; died in Mar 1130 in Talmont, Vendée, Pays de la Loire, France; was buried in Nieul, Vendée, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: GODFREY, I. I (son of ALBERT, III and Living) was born in 1080; died on 19 Aug 1139. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Duchess of Swabia and Margravine of Austria
• Name: Agnes of Waiblingen

Family/Spouse: LEOPOLD, III. III was born in 1073; died on 15 Nov 1136. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 28 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Viscount of Chatellerault

Notes:

Through his daughter he was the grandfather of Eleanor of Aquitaine, who would become Duchess of Aquitaine (in her own right) as well as queen of both France and England. Eleanor was arguably the most celebrated woman in Medieval European history.

Died:
Notre Dame, Paris, Ile-de-France, France

Family/Spouse: ISLE BOUCHARD, Dangereuse Maubergeonne. Dangereuse (daughter of Living) was born in 1079; died in 1119. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: 1st Earl of Worcester

Notes:

On their father's death in June 1118, the boys came into the wardship of King Henry I of England. They remained in his care till late in 1120 when they were declared adult and allowed to succeed to their father's lands by a division already arranged between the king and their father before his death.

Birth:
twin

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: 2nd Earl of Leicester

Notes:

On their father's death in June 1118, the boys came into the wardship of King Henry I of England. They remained in his care till late in 1120 when they were declared adult and allowed to succeed to their father's lands by a division already arranged between the king and their father before his death.

Birth:
twin

Living married Living [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 27 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: 3rd Earl of Surrey

Notes:

He was a great-grandson of King Henry I of France, and half-brother to Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester, Waleran IV de Beaumont, Count of Meulan, and Hugh de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Bedford. Anglo-Norman nobleman who fought in England during the Anarchy and generally remained loyal to King Stephen. He participated in the Second Crusade.

Birth:
Vermandois, , Normandy, France

Died:
William was killed at the Battle of Mount Cadmus while the crusader army was marching across Anatolia on their way to the Holy Land.

William married DE TALVAS, Adelia in 1134 in Surrey, England. Adelia (daughter of TALVAS, William III and BURGANDY, Helie of) was born in 1124; died on 4 Oct 1174 in Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: A Pawn for a King by Sarah Hinze
• Relation to Me: 29 GGM

Family/Spouse: SCOTLAND, Heir apparent to the Kingdom of Alba. He was also the 3rd Earl of Northumberland and the 3rd Earl of Huntingdon. Henry of. Henry (son of SCOTLAND, King David I of and MAUDE, Countess of Huntingdon Queen) was born in 1114; died on 12 Jun 1152. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: Husband of 26 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: King of France

King married OF AQUITAINE, Duchess of Acquitaine Eleanor in 1137 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. Eleanor (daughter of AQUITAINE, Guillaume X of and DE CHATELLERAULT, Aenor) was born on 6 Dec 1122 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France; died on 1 Apr 1204 in Fontevraud Abbey, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; was buried in Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

King married CASTILE, Constance of in 1154. Constance was born in 1141 in Leon, Castilla-Leon, Spain; died on 4 Oct 1160. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

King married CHAMPAGNE, Adele of in Nov 1160 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. Adele was born about 1140 in Blois, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France; died on 4 Jun 1206 in Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Lady of the English by Elizabeth Chadwick
• Differentiator: Claimant to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy.
• Relation to Me: 27 GGM
• Name: Matilda Maud Empress Of GERMANY
• Birth: 7 Feb 1102
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 7 Jan 1114 and 23 May 1125; Holy Roman Empress; German Queen; Queen of Italy
• Death: 10 Sep 1167

Notes:

The daughter of King Henry I of England, she moved to Germany as a child when she married the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. She travelled with her husband into Italy in 1116, was controversially crowned in St. Peter's Basilica, and acted as the imperial regent in Italy. Matilda and Henry had no children, and when Henry died in 1125, the crown was claimed by Lothair II, one of his political enemies.

On Henry V's death, Matilda was recalled to Normandy by her father, who arranged for her to marry Geoffrey of Anjou to form an alliance to protect his southern borders. Henry I had no further legitimate children and nominated Matilda as his heir, making his court swear an oath of loyalty to her and her successors, but the decision was not popular in the Anglo-Norman court. Henry died in 1135 but Matilda and Geoffrey faced opposition from the Norman barons and were unable to pursue their claims. The throne was instead taken by Matilda's cousin Stephen of Blois, who enjoyed the backing of the English Church.

In 1139 Matilda crossed to England to take the kingdom by force, supported by her half-brother, Robert of Gloucester, and her uncle, King David I of Scotland, while Geoffrey focused on conquering Normandy. Matilda's forces captured Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, but the Empress's attempt to be crowned at Westminster collapsed in the face of bitter opposition from the London crowds. As a result of this retreat, Matilda was never formally declared Queen of England, and was instead titled the Lady of the English.

The war degenerated into a stalemate, with Matilda controlling much of the south-west of England, and Stephen the south-east and the Midlands. Large parts of the rest of the country were in the hands of local, independent barons. Matilda returned to Normandy, now in the hands of her husband, in 1148, leaving her eldest son to continue the campaign in England; he eventually succeeded to the throne as Henry II in 1154.

Empress married PLANTAGENET, Count of Anjou Geoffroy V on 22 May 1127 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. Geoffroy (son of ANJOU, King of Jerusalem, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine Foulques V le Jeune Count of and DU MAINE, Ermengarde) was born on 24 Aug 1113 in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France; died on 7 Sep 1151 in Loire, Rhône-Alpes, France; was buried in Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 29 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: 1st Earl of Gloucester
• Name: Robert Rufus, Robert de Caen, Robert Consul

Notes:

Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England. He was the half-brother of the Empress Matilda, and her chief military supporter during the civil war known as The Anarchy, in which she vied with Stephen of Blois for the throne of England.

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Earl of Cornwall
• Name: Reginald de Mortain; Reginald de Dunstanville; Reginald FitzHenry; Rainald

Notes:

Birth:
illegitimate son of Henry I through Sybil Corbet

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 26 GGF
• Name: Baudouin
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1098 and 1120; Count of Hainault

III married Living [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: The nickname "Plantagenet" sometimes used for Geoffrey only became a name for the entire dynasty in later years, and was not used by his immediate descendants, the first appearance of "Plantagenet" as a surname being in the fifteenth century.
• Relation to Me: 27 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Anjou, Touraine, and Maine
• Name: Geoffrey V "The Handsome" Plantagenet Count of Plantagenet Anjou
• Name: Geoffrey V Plantagenet
• Name: Geoffroi V le Bon PLANTAGENET
• Death: 7 1151, Loire, Rhône-Alpes, France; Age: 38
• Death: 7 Sep 1151, Rancé, Ain, Rhône-Alpes, France

Notes:

Geoffrey V (24 August 1113 – 7 September 1151) — called the Handsome (French: le Bel) and Plantagenet — was the Count of Anjou, Touraine, and Maine by inheritance from 1129 and then Duke of Normandy by conquest from 1144. By his marriage to the Empress Matilda, daughter and heiress of Henry I of England, Geoffrey had a son, Henry Curtmantle, who succeeded to the English throne and founded the Plantagenet dynastyto which Geoffrey gave his nickname.

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Geoffroy married MATILDA, Empress on 22 May 1127 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. Empress (daughter of HENRY, King of England I and PRINCESS OF SCOTLAND, Matilda) was born on 5 Aug 1102 in Middlesex, England; died on 10 Sep 1169 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Sibilla of ANJOU
• Death: 1165, Abbey of St Lazarus, Bethlehem, Israel

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 27 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Duke of Aquataine

Notes:

Birth:
St Jacques, Aquitaine, France

Died:
Saint Jacques De Compostelle, Spain

Guillaume married DE CHATELLERAULT, Aenor in 1121. Aenor (daughter of AIMERY, I and ISLE BOUCHARD, Dangereuse Maubergeonne) was born in 1103; died in Mar 1130 in Talmont, Vendée, Pays de la Loire, France; was buried in Nieul, Vendée, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 28 GGF
• Name: Henry Beauclerc
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1100 and 1136; King of England and Duke of the Normans

Notes:

Considered by contemporaries to be a harsh but effective ruler, Henry skilfully manipulated the barons in England and Normandy. In England, he drew on the existing Anglo-Saxon system of justice, local government and taxation, but also strengthened it with additional institutions, including the royal exchequer and itinerant justices. Normandy was also governed through a growing system of justices and an exchequer. Many of the officials who ran Henry's system were "new men" of obscure backgrounds rather than from families of high status, who rose through the ranks as administrators. Henry encouraged ecclesiastical reform, but became embroiled in a serious dispute in 1101 with Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury,

Family/Spouse: PRINCESS OF SCOTLAND, Matilda. Matilda (daughter of SCOTLAND, Malcolm III of and SCOTLAND, Margaret of) was born in 1088; died on 1 May 1118; was buried in May 1118. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 29 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Surrey

Family/Spouse: DE WARENNE, William I. William (son of Living and Living) died in 1088. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: The Winter Mantle by Elizabeth Chadwick
• Differentiator: Niece of William the Conqueror
• Relation to Me: 27 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Huntingdon

Notes:

Judith founded Elstow Abbey in Bedfordshire around 1078. She also founded churches at Kempston and Hitchin. She had land-holdings in 10 counties in the Midlands and East Anglia. Her holdings included land at:

Earls Barton, Northamptonshire
Great Doddington, Northamptonshire
Grendon, Northamptonshire
Ashby Folville, Leicestershire
Lowesby, Leicestershire
Merton, Oxfordshire
Piddington, Oxfordshire
Potton, Bedfordshire
Sawtry, Huntingdonshire

The parish of Sawtry Judith in Huntingdonshire is named after the Countess.

In 1075, Judith's husband Waltheof joined the Revolt of the Earls against William. It was the last serious act of resistance against the Norman conquest of England. Judith betrayed Waltheof to her uncle, who had Waltheof beheaded on 31 May 1076.

Family/Spouse: NORTHUMBERLAND, Waltheof. Waltheof (son of SIWARD and Living) was born in 1050 in Northumberland, England; died on 31 May 1076. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 26 GGF
• Name: Baudouin
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1098 and 1120; Count of Hainault

III married Living [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 27 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1071 and 1098; Count of Hainaut

Notes:

Baldwin, sold some of his property to the Bishopric of Liège in order to take the cross in the First Crusade. In 1098 he was sent to Constantinople with Hugh of Vermandois after the siege of Antioch, to seek assistance from the Byzantine emperor. He disappeared during a raid by the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia, and was presumably killed.

Family/Spouse: LOUVAIN, Ida of. Ida (daughter of HENRY, II and Living) died in 1139. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Biography
• Books About: The Autumn Throne: A Novel of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Middle Ages Queen of England
• Books About: The Summer Queen by Elizabeth Chadwick
• Books About: The Winter Crown: A Medieval Tale of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England
• Differentiator: Member of the Ramnulfid dynasty of rulers in southwestern France, and one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in western Europe during the High Middle Ages. She led armies several times in her life, and was a leader of the Second Crusade.
• Relation to Me: 26 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Duchess of Acquitaine, Queen Consort of England, Queen Consort of France

Notes:

As Duchess of Aquitaine, Eleanor was the most eligible bride in Europe. Three months after she became duchess, she married King Louis VII of France, son of her guardian, King Louis VI. As Queen of France, she participated in the unsuccessful Second Crusade. Soon afterwards, Eleanor sought an annulment of her marriage,[1] but her request was rejected by Pope Eugene III.[2] However, after the birth of her second daughter Alix, Louis agreed to an annulment, as fifteen years of marriage had not produced a son.[3] The marriage was annulled on 11 March 1152 on the grounds of consanguinity within the fourth degree. Their daughters were declared legitimate and custody was awarded to Louis, while Eleanor's lands were restored to her.

As soon as the annulment was granted, Eleanor became engaged to Henry, Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou, who became King Henry II of England in 1154. Henry was her third cousin (cousin of the third degree), and eleven years younger. The couple married on 18 May 1152 (Whit Sunday), eight weeks after the annulment of Eleanor's first marriage, in a cathedral in Poitiers, France. Over the next thirteen years, she bore Henry eight children: five sons, three of whom would become kings; and three daughters. However, Henry and Eleanor eventually became estranged. Henry imprisoned her in 1173 for supporting her son Henry's revolt against her husband. She was not released until 6 July 1189, when Henry died and their son ascended the English throne as Richard I.

Now queen dowager, Eleanor acted as regent while Richard went on the Third Crusade; on his return Richard was captured and held prisoner. Eleanor lived well into the reign of her youngest son, John. She outlived all her children except for John and Eleanor.

Eleanor married HENRY, II on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. II (son of PLANTAGENET, Count of Anjou Geoffroy V and MATILDA, Empress) was born on 5 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France; died on 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleanor married FRANCE, King Louis VII of in 1137 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. King (son of FRANCE, King Louis VI of and SAVOY, Adelaide of Maurienne) was born in 1120 in Champagne, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France; died on 18 Sep 1180 in Abbey at Saint Pont, Allier, Auvergne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Henry lost the use of this eyes in 1182
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Lamur: Count of Luxembourg
• Name: Henry IV of Luxembourg

Notes:

Henry is an important figure in the history of the southern Netherlands and the modern countries of Belgium and Luxembourg. He was especially important to the history of the county of Namur, where he was the last member of the first line of counts, and the most powerful of them. His important inheritances were divided again after his death, bringing Namur and Luxembourg to different families. His daughter, born late in life kept Luxembourg and the smaller Ardennes lordships, while descendants of his sister Alice, counts of Flanders and Hainaut, possessed Namur.

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: High Duchess of Poland and Duchess of Silesia

Family/Spouse: VLADISLAUS, II. II was born in 1105; died on 30 May 1159. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Mother of Eleanor of Aquitaine, who arguably became the most powerful woman in Europe of her generation.
• Relation to Me: 27 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Duchess of Aquitaine

Notes:

Birth:
De Chatellerault, Aquitaine, France

Aenor married AQUITAINE, Guillaume X of in 1121. Guillaume (son of DE AQUITAINE, Guillaume IX and MAUDE, Philippa) was born in 1099 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrénées, France; died on 9 Apr 1137 in Compostela, Orense, Galicia, Spain; was buried in Santiago de Compostela, La Coruna, Galicia, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Meulan

Family/Spouse: REGINALD, Maud fitz. Maud (daughter of ROY, Reginald fitz and Living) was born in 1143 in Dunstanville, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Strongbow: The Norman Invasion of Ireland
• Books About: The Irish Princess
• Differentiator: Welsh-Norman lord notable for his leading role in the Norman invasion of Ireland.
• Misc: He is vividly described by Giraldus Cambrensis as "His complexion was somewhat ruddy and his skin freckled; he had grey eyes, feminine features, a weak voice, and short neck. For the rest, he was tall in stature, and a man of great generosity and of court
• Relation to Me: 24 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: 2nd Earl of Pembroke
• Web Address: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke
• Web Address: https://www.castlewales.com/is_clare.html
• Name: Strongbow: known as "Strongbow" for his skill and use of the long bow of the men of Gwent.
• Wars: Between 1135 and 1154; Richard and his father supported King Stephen in the civil war between Stephen and the Empress Matilda for the throne of England
• Wars: Between 1170 and 1175; Welsh-Norman lord notable for his leading role in the Norman invasion of Ireland.

Notes:

Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (1130 - 20 April 1176), also known as Richard FitzGilbert and commonly referred to by his nickname "Strongbow," was a notable Anglo-Norman lord with a profound impact on the history of Ireland. Born in Tonbridge, Kent, England, he was the son of Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke, and Isabel de Beaumont. His life and actions played a pivotal role in the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland, marking him as a key figure in both English and Irish history.

Strongbow inherited his father's title and estates in 1148 but faced challenges in maintaining his position. Initially deprived of his earldom by King Henry II for siding with King Stephen against the Empress Matilda, he later regained favor and his titles. His life took a significant turn in 1167 when he met Diarmait Mac Murchada, the deposed King of Leinster, who sought his help to recover his kingdom. In exchange for his military support, Mac Murchada offered Strongbow his daughter Aoife in marriage and the succession to Leinster.

Despite initial hesitations from King Henry II, Strongbow embarked on the Irish campaign in 1170. His forces, including Welsh archers, played a crucial role in the capture of key Irish towns such as Wexford, Waterford, and Dublin. These victories were instrumental in establishing Norman rule in Ireland. In 1171, following Mac Murchada's death, Strongbow claimed the kingship of Leinster through his marriage to Aoife, further solidifying his influence in the region.

Strongbow's relationship with King Henry II was complex. After initial tensions and Henry's intervention in Ireland, Strongbow surrendered some of his conquests to the English king but retained significant lands and power. He supported Henry II in the Revolt of 1173-74 as a reward for his reinstatement in Leinster. His military campaigns in Ireland continued, including a notable defeat in Munster and subsequent victories that re-established his dominance.

Richard de Clare's marriage to Aoife MacMurrough produced notable offspring, including Isabel de Clare, who became the 4th Countess of Pembroke. Upon Strongbow's death in 1176, his vast estates and influence passed to his daughter and her husband, William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke.

Strongbow's legacy is marked by his military prowess, strategic marriages, and significant role in the Norman conquest of Ireland. His actions had lasting impacts on the political landscape of Ireland and the relationship between England and Ireland. Buried in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, Strongbow remains a figure of both historical significance and legend, remembered for his role in shaping the course of Irish history.

Note that this Richard de Clare born in 1130 is not the same Richard de Clare, Magna Carta Baron, born in 1153. However, they were 1st cousins 1X removed.

Buried:
Christ Church Cathedral: the effigy there, said to be his, isn't. His was destroyed in a roof collapse in 1562. The effigy in queston is that of an unknown knight.

Died:
From some type of infection in his leg or foot.

Family/Spouse: MACMURROUGH, Aoife. Aoife (daughter of MACMURROUGH, Dermot and O'TOOLE, Mor) was born in 1145; died in 1188. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 26 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: 4th Countess of Surrey

Notes:

She was the great-granddaughter of the first Norman earl, William and his Flemish wife Gundred.[2] When her father died in the Holy Land c.1148 she inherited the earldom of Surrey and was married to William of Blois, the younger son of King Stephen, who became Earl in her right.[1][2] The marriage occurred at a critical moment in The Anarchy as part of the king's attempt to control the de Warenne lands. The couple did not have any children and after William's death in 1159, King Henry II's brother, William X, Count of Poitou sought her hand in 1162/3, but Thomas Becket refused a dispensation from affinity on the grounds of consanguinity. In April 1164, the countess married Hamelin of Anjou, a natural half-brother of King Henry, who became jure uxoris Earl of Surrey. The countess lived an unusually long life, dying at age 73

Isabel married DE WARENNE, Hamelin in Apr 1164 in Surrey, England. Hamelin (son of PLANTAGENET, Count of Anjou Geoffroy V and Living) was born in 1130 in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France; died on 7 May 1202 in Lewes, Sussex, England; was buried in Lewes District, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. He had the second-longest reign in Scottish history before the Act of Union with England in 1707.
• Relation to Me: 25 GGF
• Name: William the Lion; Garbh (the Rough)
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1165 and 1214; King of Scotland

Family/Spouse: DE AVENAL, Isabel. Isabel (daughter of AVENEL, Robert and Living) died in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 27 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Duchess of Brittany

Family/Spouse: DE BOHUN, Humphrey III. Humphrey (son of DE BOHUN, Humphrey II and HEREFORD, Margaret of) was born in 1144; died in Dec 1181. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Web Address: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_France
• Name: Philip Augustus

Family/Spouse: OF HAINAUT, Isabelle. Isabelle (daughter of HAINAUT, Count of Hainaut Baldwin V of and Living) was born on 5 Apr 1170 in Valenciennes, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; died on 15 Mar 1190 in Paris, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: ANGOULEME, last Count of Angoulême of the House of Taillefer. Aymer of. Aymer was born in 1160; died on 16 Jun 1202. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Henry II appears as a character in several modern plays and films. He is a central character in James Goldman's 1966 play The Lion in Winter, set in 1183 and presenting an imaginary encounter between Henry's immediate family and Philip Augustus over Christmas at Chinon.
• Relation to Me: 26 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England
• Name: Henry II Curtmantle Plantagenet
• Birth: 5 Mar 1133, Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France
• Death: 6 Jul 1189, Loire, Rhône-Alpes, France

Notes:

Henry was not a popular king and few expressed much grief on news of his death. Writing in the 1190s, William of Newburgh commented that "in his own time he was hated by almost everyone"; he was widely criticised by his own contemporaries, even within his own court. Many of the changes Henry introduced during his long rule, however, had major long-term consequences. His legal changes are generally considered to have laid the basis for English Common Law, with the Exchequer court a forerunner of the later Common Bench at Westminster. Henry's itinerant justices also influenced his contemporaries' legal reforms: Philip Augustus' creation of itinerant bailli, for example, clearly drew on the Henrician model. Henry's intervention in Brittany, Wales and Scotland also had a significant long-term impact on the development of their societies and governmental systems.

Family/Spouse: DE TOSNY, Ida. Ida (daughter of DE TONY, Ralph and LEICESTER, Margaret of) was born about 1155; died before 1221. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

II married OF AQUITAINE, Duchess of Acquitaine Eleanor on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. Eleanor (daughter of AQUITAINE, Guillaume X of and DE CHATELLERAULT, Aenor) was born on 6 Dec 1122 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France; died on 1 Apr 1204 in Fontevraud Abbey, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; was buried in Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 28 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Chester
• Name: Matilda

Notes:

In January 1141, Earl Ranulf and Countess Matilda were at Lincoln Castle when it was besieged by the forces of King Stephen of England. The following month, a relief army loyal to Empress Matilda and led by her father Robert earl of Gloucester defeated and captured the king in the fierce fighting, later known as the First Battle of Lincoln. In return for his help in repelling the king's troops, the countess's father compelled her husband to swear fealty to Empress Matilda, who was Earl Robert's half-sister.

Family/Spouse: DE GERNONS, Ranulph. Ranulph was born in 1099; died in 1153. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: DE BEAUMONT, Robert. Robert (son of DE BEAUMONT, Waleran IV and Living) was born in 1142; died in 1204 in Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Living married Living [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: He started out without land and wealth of his own but was closely related to very powerful men, specifically his uncles Walter de Clare and Roger de Clare.
• Relation to Me: 25 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: 1st Earl of Pembroke
• Web Address: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke
• Name: Strongbow
• _MILT: 1136; Led an expedition against Exmes and burned parts of the town, including the church of Notre Dame, but was interrupted by the forces of William III, Count of Ponthieu, and escaped the resulting melee only after suffering heavy losses.

Gilbert married Living [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: He was an illegitimate son of Geoffrey of Anjou, and thus a half-brother of King Henry II,[1] and an uncle of King Richard I and of King John.
• Relation to Me: 26 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Earl of Warenne or Surrey

Hamelin married DE WARENNE, Isabel in Apr 1164 in Surrey, England. Isabel (daughter of DE WARENNE, William III and DE TALVAS, Adelia) was born in 1137 in Lewes, Sussex, England; died on 13 Jul 1199 in Lewes, Sussex, England; was buried in Lewes District, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Henry II appears as a character in several modern plays and films. He is a central character in James Goldman's 1966 play The Lion in Winter, set in 1183 and presenting an imaginary encounter between Henry's immediate family and Philip Augustus over Christmas at Chinon.
• Relation to Me: 26 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England
• Name: Henry II Curtmantle Plantagenet
• Birth: 5 Mar 1133, Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France
• Death: 6 Jul 1189, Loire, Rhône-Alpes, France

Notes:

Henry was not a popular king and few expressed much grief on news of his death. Writing in the 1190s, William of Newburgh commented that "in his own time he was hated by almost everyone"; he was widely criticised by his own contemporaries, even within his own court. Many of the changes Henry introduced during his long rule, however, had major long-term consequences. His legal changes are generally considered to have laid the basis for English Common Law, with the Exchequer court a forerunner of the later Common Bench at Westminster. Henry's itinerant justices also influenced his contemporaries' legal reforms: Philip Augustus' creation of itinerant bailli, for example, clearly drew on the Henrician model. Henry's intervention in Brittany, Wales and Scotland also had a significant long-term impact on the development of their societies and governmental systems.

Family/Spouse: DE TOSNY, Ida. Ida (daughter of DE TONY, Ralph and LEICESTER, Margaret of) was born about 1155; died before 1221. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

II married OF AQUITAINE, Duchess of Acquitaine Eleanor on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. Eleanor (daughter of AQUITAINE, Guillaume X of and DE CHATELLERAULT, Aenor) was born on 6 Dec 1122 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France; died on 1 Apr 1204 in Fontevraud Abbey, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; was buried in Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Biography
• Books About: The Autumn Throne: A Novel of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Middle Ages Queen of England
• Books About: The Summer Queen by Elizabeth Chadwick
• Books About: The Winter Crown: A Medieval Tale of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England
• Differentiator: Member of the Ramnulfid dynasty of rulers in southwestern France, and one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in western Europe during the High Middle Ages. She led armies several times in her life, and was a leader of the Second Crusade.
• Relation to Me: 26 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Duchess of Acquitaine, Queen Consort of England, Queen Consort of France

Notes:

As Duchess of Aquitaine, Eleanor was the most eligible bride in Europe. Three months after she became duchess, she married King Louis VII of France, son of her guardian, King Louis VI. As Queen of France, she participated in the unsuccessful Second Crusade. Soon afterwards, Eleanor sought an annulment of her marriage,[1] but her request was rejected by Pope Eugene III.[2] However, after the birth of her second daughter Alix, Louis agreed to an annulment, as fifteen years of marriage had not produced a son.[3] The marriage was annulled on 11 March 1152 on the grounds of consanguinity within the fourth degree. Their daughters were declared legitimate and custody was awarded to Louis, while Eleanor's lands were restored to her.

As soon as the annulment was granted, Eleanor became engaged to Henry, Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou, who became King Henry II of England in 1154. Henry was her third cousin (cousin of the third degree), and eleven years younger. The couple married on 18 May 1152 (Whit Sunday), eight weeks after the annulment of Eleanor's first marriage, in a cathedral in Poitiers, France. Over the next thirteen years, she bore Henry eight children: five sons, three of whom would become kings; and three daughters. However, Henry and Eleanor eventually became estranged. Henry imprisoned her in 1173 for supporting her son Henry's revolt against her husband. She was not released until 6 July 1189, when Henry died and their son ascended the English throne as Richard I.

Now queen dowager, Eleanor acted as regent while Richard went on the Third Crusade; on his return Richard was captured and held prisoner. Eleanor lived well into the reign of her youngest son, John. She outlived all her children except for John and Eleanor.

Eleanor married HENRY, II on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. II (son of PLANTAGENET, Count of Anjou Geoffroy V and MATILDA, Empress) was born on 5 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France; died on 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleanor married FRANCE, King Louis VII of in 1137 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. King (son of FRANCE, King Louis VI of and SAVOY, Adelaide of Maurienne) was born in 1120 in Champagne, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France; died on 18 Sep 1180 in Abbey at Saint Pont, Allier, Auvergne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Lady of the English by Elizabeth Chadwick
• Differentiator: Claimant to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy.
• Relation to Me: 27 GGM
• Name: Matilda Maud Empress Of GERMANY
• Birth: 7 Feb 1102
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 7 Jan 1114 and 23 May 1125; Holy Roman Empress; German Queen; Queen of Italy
• Death: 10 Sep 1167

Notes:

The daughter of King Henry I of England, she moved to Germany as a child when she married the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. She travelled with her husband into Italy in 1116, was controversially crowned in St. Peter's Basilica, and acted as the imperial regent in Italy. Matilda and Henry had no children, and when Henry died in 1125, the crown was claimed by Lothair II, one of his political enemies.

On Henry V's death, Matilda was recalled to Normandy by her father, who arranged for her to marry Geoffrey of Anjou to form an alliance to protect his southern borders. Henry I had no further legitimate children and nominated Matilda as his heir, making his court swear an oath of loyalty to her and her successors, but the decision was not popular in the Anglo-Norman court. Henry died in 1135 but Matilda and Geoffrey faced opposition from the Norman barons and were unable to pursue their claims. The throne was instead taken by Matilda's cousin Stephen of Blois, who enjoyed the backing of the English Church.

In 1139 Matilda crossed to England to take the kingdom by force, supported by her half-brother, Robert of Gloucester, and her uncle, King David I of Scotland, while Geoffrey focused on conquering Normandy. Matilda's forces captured Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, but the Empress's attempt to be crowned at Westminster collapsed in the face of bitter opposition from the London crowds. As a result of this retreat, Matilda was never formally declared Queen of England, and was instead titled the Lady of the English.

The war degenerated into a stalemate, with Matilda controlling much of the south-west of England, and Stephen the south-east and the Midlands. Large parts of the rest of the country were in the hands of local, independent barons. Matilda returned to Normandy, now in the hands of her husband, in 1148, leaving her eldest son to continue the campaign in England; he eventually succeeded to the throne as Henry II in 1154.

Empress married PLANTAGENET, Count of Anjou Geoffroy V on 22 May 1127 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. Geoffroy (son of ANJOU, King of Jerusalem, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine Foulques V le Jeune Count of and DU MAINE, Ermengarde) was born on 24 Aug 1113 in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France; died on 7 Sep 1151 in Loire, Rhône-Alpes, France; was buried in Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 29 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: 1st Earl of Gloucester
• Name: Robert Rufus, Robert de Caen, Robert Consul

Notes:

Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England. He was the half-brother of the Empress Matilda, and her chief military supporter during the civil war known as The Anarchy, in which she vied with Stephen of Blois for the throne of England.

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Earl of Cornwall
• Name: Reginald de Mortain; Reginald de Dunstanville; Reginald FitzHenry; Rainald

Notes:

Birth:
illegitimate son of Henry I through Sybil Corbet

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 28 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: 2nd Earl of Surrey
• Name: More often referred to as Earl Warenne or Earl of Warenne than as Earl of Surrey.

Notes:

His father, the 1st Earl, was one of the Conqueror's most trusted and most rewarded barons who, at his death in 1088, was the 3rd or 4th richest magnate in England. In 1088 William II inherited his father's lands in England and his Norman estates including the castles of Mortemer and Bellencombre in Haute-Normandy.

Family/Spouse: VERMANDOIS, Elizabeth of. Elizabeth (daughter of VERMANDOIS, Hugh I of and VERMANDOIS, Adelaide of, daughter of HUGH, I) was born in 1085; died in 1131. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Alice of Northumberland

Adelisa married DE TOENI, Ralph in 1103. Ralph (son of DE TOENI, Ralph and MONTFORD, Isabel) was born in 1079 in Flamstead, Hertfordshire, England; died in 1126 in Conches, Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 27 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Queen Consort of Scotland
• Name: Queen Matilda

Notes:

Buried:
Scone Abbey

Died:
buried at Scone Abbey

Queen married SCOTLAND, King David I of in 1113. King (son of SCOTLAND, Malcolm III of and SCOTLAND, Margaret of) was born in 1084; died on 24 May 1153. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Queen married DE SENSLIS, Simon in 1090. Simon died about 1111. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Living married Living [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 26 GGF
• Name: Baudouin
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1098 and 1120; Count of Hainault

III married Living [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 26 GU
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England
• Name: Lionheart

Richard married NAVARRE, Berengaria Princess of on 12 May 1191. Berengaria was born in 1163; died on 23 Dec 1230 in Abbey of L'Esau Le Mans Sarte, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: King John Treachery and Tyranny
• Differentiator: King and signer of the Magna Carta
• Relation to Me: 25 GGF
• Name: John Lackland
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 6 Apr 1199 and 19 Oct 1216; King of England
• Magna Carta: 1215; King and signer of the Magna Carta

Notes:

John lost the Duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France, resulting in the collapse of most of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the Capetian dynasty during the 13th century. The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of Magna Carta, a document sometimes considered to be an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom.

Contemporary chroniclers were mostly critical of John's performance as king, and his reign has since been the subject of significant debate and periodic revision by historians from the 16th century onwards. Historian Jim Bradbury has summarised the current historical opinion of John's positive qualities, observing that John is today usually considered a "hard-working administrator, an able man, an able general". Nonetheless, modern historians agree that he also had many faults as king, including what historian Ralph Turner describes as "distasteful, even dangerous personality traits", such as pettiness, spitefulness and cruelty.[3] These negative qualities provided extensive material for fiction writers in the Victorian era, and John remains a recurring character within Western popular culture, primarily as a villain in films and stories depicting the Robin Hood legends.

Died:
Newark Castle, Lincolnshire, England

Family/Spouse: DE WARENNE, Adela "Ela". Adela (daughter of DE WARENNE, Hamelin and DE WARENNE, Isabel) was born about 1170; died on 27 May 1240 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: ANGOULEME, Isabella of. Isabella (daughter of ANGOULEME, last Count of Angoulême of the House of Taillefer. Aymer of and COURTENAY, Alice of) was born in 1188; died on 4 Jun 1246. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 26 GU
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Princess of England, Queen of Castile and Toledo

Notes:

In 1170 Eleanor married King Alfonso VIII of Castile in Burgos.[1] Her parents' purpose in arranging the marriage was to secure Aquitaine's Pyrenean border, while Alfonso was seeking an ally in his struggles with Sancho VI of Navarre. In 1177, this led to Henry overseeing arbitration of the border dispute.[8]

Around the year 1200, Alfonso began to claim that the duchy of Gascony was part of Eleanor's dowry, but there is no documented foundation for that claim. It is highly unlikely that Henry II would have parted with so significant a portion of his domains. At most, Gascony may have been pledged as security for the full payment of his daughter's dowry. Her husband went so far on this claim as to invade Gascony in her name in 1205. In 1206, her brother John granted her safe passage to visit him, perhaps to try opening peace negotiations. In 1208, Alfonso yielded on the claim.[9] Decades later, their great-grandson Alfonso X of Castile would claim the duchy on the grounds that her dowry had never been fully paid.

Of all Eleanor of Aquitaine's daughters, her namesake was the only one who was enabled, by political circumstances, to wield the kind of influence her mother had exercised.[10] In her own marriage treaty, and in the first marriage treaty for her daughter Berengaria, Eleanor was given direct control of many lands, towns, and castles throughout the kingdom.[11] She was almost as powerful as Alfonso, who specified in his will in 1204 that she was to rule alongside their son in the event of his death, including taking responsibility for paying his debts and executing his will.[12] It was she who persuaded him to marry their daughter Berengaria to Alfonso IX of León. Troubadours and sages were regularly present in Alfonso VIII's court due to Eleanor's patronage.[13]

Eleanor took particular interest in supporting religious institutions. In 1179, she took responsibility to support and maintain a shrine to St. Thomas Becket in the cathedral of Toledo. She also created and supported the Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas, which served as a refuge and tomb for her family for generations, and its affiliated hospital.[14]

When Alfonso died, Eleanor was reportedly so devastated with grief that she was unable to preside over the burial. Their eldest daughter Berengaria instead performed these honours. Eleanor then went sick and died only twenty-six days after her husband, and was buried at Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas.[15]

Family/Spouse: CASTILE, Alfonso VIII of. Alfonso (son of CASTILE, Sancho III of and NAVARRE, Blanche of) was born on 11 Nov 1155; died on 5 Oct 1214. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Luxembourg

Notes:

According to legend, Ermesinde saw the Virgin Mary, and planned the construction on that spot of the Clairefontaine Abbey.[1] In her will she asked that she be buried at this location. The abbey was built by her son, Henry V.[3] After many years, the abbey was destroyed in the late 18th century by French troops. In 1747, shortly before the old abbey was destroyed by French troops, the nuns had hidden Ermesinde's remains in a chapel, where they were found by the Jesuits during 1875-1877 reconstructions. The remains are now in the crypt of the chapel of Clairefontaine.

Family/Spouse: WALERAN, III. III was born in 1165; died on 2 Jul 1226 in Rolduc, Kerkrade, Limburg, Netherlands. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]