CHALON, Gilbert of

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 34 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Duke of Burgandy; Count of Chalon, Autun, Troyes, Avallon and Dijon

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Adelaide married VERMANDOIS, Robert deFrance. Robert (son of VERMANDOIS, Herbert II and ADELE, son of VERMANDOIS, Herbert II and OF FRANCE, Hildebranda) was born in 918; died in 968. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 32 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Chalon and Anjou

Adele married GEOFFREY, I in Mar in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France. I was born in 938; died on 21 Jul 987. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: CHARLES. (son of FRANCE, Louis IV of, son of FRANCE, Louis IV of and SAXONY, Gerberga of) was born in 953 in Laon, Aisne, Picardie, France; died in 993 in Orléans, Loiret, Centre, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 31 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Anjou
• Name: The Black

Notes:

Celebrated as one of the first great builders of medieval castles. He constructed an estimated 100 of them, along with abbeys, across the Loire Valley in what is now France. He fought successive wars with neighbors in Brittany, Blois, Poitou and Aquitaine and traveled four times to Jerusalem on pilgrimage during the course of his life. Fulk was a natural horseman and a fearsome warrior, with a keen sense of military strategy that saw him get the better of most of his opponents. Fulk was also a devout Christian, and built, enlarged or endowed several abbeys and monasteries, such as the Abbey of Beaulieu-les-Loches, Saint-Florent-le-Vieil, Saint-Aubin, and a convent, Notre Dame de la Charité at Ronceray in Angers. Although he never learned to write, he endowed a school with revenue to provide poor students with an education. Fulk also undertook four pilgrimages to Jerusalem.

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Rennes, Regent of Brittany (992–994) and also Countess of Angoulême.

Family/Spouse: BRITTANY, Conan I. Conan was born in Rennes, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France; died on 27 Jun 992. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 30 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Louvain

Family/Spouse: LAMBERT, I. I was born in 950 in Louvain, Duchy of Lotharingia, East Francia, France; died on 12 Sep 1015 in Florennes, County of Namur, Duchy of Lower Lorraine, Holy Roman Empire, Lorraine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 30 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Duchess of Burgundy
• Name: She was sometimes known as Ermengarde-Blanche.

Notes:

Married to count Geoffroy of Gâtinais, she was a widow by late 1045 or early 1046 when her mother Hildegarde departed for the Holy Land [Halphen (1906), 293 (act #169); Guillot (1972), 1: 102, n. 453; 2: 159 (act C 242)]. She then became the second wife of duke Robert I of Burgundy, probably not long afterward (since her daughter by that marriage was married in 1067), and died on the same day as her husband, 18 March 1076. As heiress of her brother Geoffroy II Martel, count of Anjou, Ermengarde carried the Angevin possessions to her sons Geoffroy III "le Barbu" and Foulques IV "le Rechin".

Family/Spouse: GEOFFREY, II. II died between 1043 and 1046. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ermengarde married France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: ROBERT, I. I (son of FRANCE, Robert II of and ARLES, Constance of) was born in 1011; died on 21 Mar 1076. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Paternal grandmother of William the Conqueror.[
• Relation to Me: 30 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Brittany
• Name: Judith DeBretagne; Judith of Rennes

Judith married RICHARD, II in 1000. II (son of RICHARD, I and Living, son of DUKE OF NORMANDY, Richard I "The Fearless" and DE CREPON, Gunnora) was born on 23 Aug 963; died on 28 Aug 1026 in Fécamp, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1033 and 1054; Count of Louvain

Family/Spouse: VERDUN, Oda of. Oda (daughter of GOTHELO, Duke of Lorraine I and Living) was born in 990; died in 1062 in Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Fulk may have married as many as five times; there is some doubt regarding the exact number or how many he repudiated.
• Relation to Me: 29 GGF
• Name: le Réchin The nickname by which he is usually referred has no certain translation. Philologists have made numerous very different suggestions, including "quarreler", "rude", "sullen", "surly" and "heroic". He was noted to be " a man with many reprehensible, even scandalous, habits" by Orderic Vitalis.
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1068 and 1109; Count of Anjou

Notes:

In 1096 Fulk wrote an incomplete history of Anjou and its rulers titled Fragmentum historiae Andegavensis or "History of Anjou." The authorship and authenticity of this work is disputed. Only the first part of the history, describing Fulk's ancestry, is still in existance. The second part, supposedly describing Fulk's own rule, has not been recovered. If he did write it, it is one of the first medieval works of history written by a layman.

The younger brother of count Geoffroy III "le Barbu", Fulk rebelled against his brother and captured him in 1067, and then again in 1068, when he imprisoned his brother again (not releasing him until 1096), and assumed control of the Angevin possessions. He persuaded the French king Phillipe I to accept this arrangement by ceding his paternal heritage of Gâtinais to the king. His later years were troubled by rebellion from his elder son Geoffroy (IV) Martel, who predeceased him, and Fulk was succeeded by his second son Foulques V in 1109.

Family/Spouse: MONTFORT, Bertrade of. Bertrade (daughter of DE MONTFORT, Simon I and Living) was born in 1059 in Île-de-France, France; died on 14 Feb 1117 in Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 29 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Duchess of Gascony and Aquitaine.

Hildegarde married PIERRE, Guillaume VIII in Sep 1068 in Gironde, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. Guillaume (son of WILLIAM, V and AGNES) was born in 1025; died on 25 Sep 1086 in Chizé, Deux-Sèvres, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Nicea, Bithynia, Turkey

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married DEFALAISE, Harlette in 1023 in Graz-Umgebung, Steiermark, Austria. Harlette was born in 1003; died in 1050 in Mortain, Haute-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 28 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1054 and 1071; Count of Louvain

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 28 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: King of Jerusalem, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine
• Name: Fulk V

Family/Spouse: DU MAINE, Ermengarde. Ermengarde (daughter of MAINE, Elias Helie of and DECHATEAU DULOIRE, Matilde Countess) was born on 3 Jul 1094 in Maine, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France; died on 15 Jan 1126 in Maine, Charente, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Though his political and military achievements have a certain historical importance, he is best known as the earliest troubadour[1] — a vernacular lyric poet in the Occitan language — whose work survived.
• Relation to Me: 28 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Duke of Aquitaine and Gascony and Count of Poitou
• Name: William IX Aquitaine

Notes:

An anonymous 13th-century vida of William remembers him thus:

The Count of Poitiers was one of the most courtly men in the world and one of the greatest deceivers of women. He was a fine knight at arms, liberal in his womanizing, and a fine composer and singer of songs. He traveled much through the world, seducing women.

In a striking departure from the typical attitude toward women in the period, William seems to have held at least one woman in particularly high esteem, composing several poems in homage to this woman, who he refers to as midons (master):[8]

Every joy must abase itself,
and every might obey
in the presence of Midons, for the sweetness of her welcome,
for her beautiful and gentle look;
and a man who wins to the joy of her love
will live a hundred years.
The joy of her can make the sick man well again,
her wrath can make a well man die,

His frankness, wit and vivacity caused scandal and won admiration at the same time. He is among the first Romance vernacular poets of the Middle Ages, one of the founders of a tradition that would culminate in Dante, Petrarch, and François Villon. Ezra Pound mentions him in Canto VIII:

And Poictiers, you know, Guillaume Poictiers,
had brought the song up out of Spain
with the singers and viels...

In Spirit of Romance Pound also calls William IX "the most 'modern' of the troubadours":

Birth:
Poitiers, Aquitaine, France

Guillaume married MAUDE, Philippa in 1094 in France. Philippa (daughter of WILLIAM, IV and Living) was born on 22 Oct 1073 in Toulouse, Jura, Franche-Comté, France; died on 28 Nov 1118 in Abbey Fontevrault, Aquitaine, France; was buried in Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: King of England
• Name: William the Conqueror

Notes:

A minor at the time of the death of his father duke Robert on a pilgrimage in 1035, William's early years as duke were spent surviving the dangerous period of his minority and solidifying his position within Normandy. He obtained the crown of England by his victory over Harold II in the famous Battle of Hastings in 1066. At his death in 1087, his eldest son Robert received Normandy, his second surviving son William received England, and his youngest son Henry (who eventually obtained both England and Normandy) received money.

I married COUNTESS OF FLANDERS, Matilda in 1050 in Castle of Angi, France. Matilda (daughter of FLANDERS, Baldwin V of and FRANCE, Adela of, daughter of FRANCE, Adela of) was born on 24 Nov 1031; died on 2 Nov 1083 in Bickleigh, Devon, England; was buried in Bickleigh, Devon, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Alice of Normandy
• Birth: 1027, Falaise, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France
• Death: Bef 1090, Boulogne, Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France, France

Adelaide married LENS, Lambert II of in 1053 in Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France. Lambert (son of BOULOGNE, Count of Boulogne Eustace I Count of and LEUVEN, Matilda of) was born in 992 in Lens, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; died on 19 Jun 1054. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 27 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Hainaut

Notes:

Ida's husband, Baldwin sold some of his property to the Bishopric of Liège in order to take the cross in the First Crusade. In 1098 he was sent to Constantinople with Hugh of Vermandois after the siege of Antioch, to seek assistance from the Byzantine emperor. He disappeared during a raid by the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia, and was presumably killed.

While on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1106, Ida organized a search for her lost husband in Anatolia but to no avail.

Family/Spouse: BALDWIN, II. II (son of BALDWIN, VI) was born in 1056; died in 1098. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: The nickname "Plantagenet" sometimes used for Geoffrey only became a name for the entire dynasty in later years, and was not used by his immediate descendants, the first appearance of "Plantagenet" as a surname being in the fifteenth century.
• Relation to Me: 27 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Anjou, Touraine, and Maine
• Name: Geoffrey V "The Handsome" Plantagenet Count of Plantagenet Anjou
• Name: Geoffrey V Plantagenet
• Name: Geoffroi V le Bon PLANTAGENET
• Death: 7 1151, Loire, Rhône-Alpes, France; Age: 38
• Death: 7 Sep 1151, Rancé, Ain, Rhône-Alpes, France

Notes:

Geoffrey V (24 August 1113 – 7 September 1151) — called the Handsome (French: le Bel) and Plantagenet — was the Count of Anjou, Touraine, and Maine by inheritance from 1129 and then Duke of Normandy by conquest from 1144. By his marriage to the Empress Matilda, daughter and heiress of Henry I of England, Geoffrey had a son, Henry Curtmantle, who succeeded to the English throne and founded the Plantagenet dynastyto which Geoffrey gave his nickname.

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Geoffroy married MATILDA, Empress on 22 May 1127 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. Empress (daughter of HENRY, King of England I and PRINCESS OF SCOTLAND, Matilda) was born on 5 Aug 1102 in Middlesex, England; died on 10 Sep 1169 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Sibilla of ANJOU
• Death: 1165, Abbey of St Lazarus, Bethlehem, Israel

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 27 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Duke of Aquataine

Notes:

Birth:
St Jacques, Aquitaine, France

Died:
Saint Jacques De Compostelle, Spain

Guillaume married DE CHATELLERAULT, Aenor in 1121. Aenor (daughter of AIMERY, I and ISLE BOUCHARD, Dangereuse Maubergeonne) was born in 1103; died in Mar 1130 in Talmont, Vendée, Pays de la Loire, France; was buried in Nieul, Vendée, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 28 GGF
• Name: Henry Beauclerc
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1100 and 1136; King of England and Duke of the Normans

Notes:

Considered by contemporaries to be a harsh but effective ruler, Henry skilfully manipulated the barons in England and Normandy. In England, he drew on the existing Anglo-Saxon system of justice, local government and taxation, but also strengthened it with additional institutions, including the royal exchequer and itinerant justices. Normandy was also governed through a growing system of justices and an exchequer. Many of the officials who ran Henry's system were "new men" of obscure backgrounds rather than from families of high status, who rose through the ranks as administrators. Henry encouraged ecclesiastical reform, but became embroiled in a serious dispute in 1101 with Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury,

Family/Spouse: PRINCESS OF SCOTLAND, Matilda. Matilda (daughter of SCOTLAND, Malcolm III of and SCOTLAND, Margaret of) was born in 1088; died on 1 May 1118; was buried in May 1118. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 29 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Surrey

Family/Spouse: DE WARENNE, William I. William (son of Living and Living) died in 1088. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: The Winter Mantle by Elizabeth Chadwick
• Differentiator: Niece of William the Conqueror
• Relation to Me: 27 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Huntingdon

Notes:

Judith founded Elstow Abbey in Bedfordshire around 1078. She also founded churches at Kempston and Hitchin. She had land-holdings in 10 counties in the Midlands and East Anglia. Her holdings included land at:

Earls Barton, Northamptonshire
Great Doddington, Northamptonshire
Grendon, Northamptonshire
Ashby Folville, Leicestershire
Lowesby, Leicestershire
Merton, Oxfordshire
Piddington, Oxfordshire
Potton, Bedfordshire
Sawtry, Huntingdonshire

The parish of Sawtry Judith in Huntingdonshire is named after the Countess.

In 1075, Judith's husband Waltheof joined the Revolt of the Earls against William. It was the last serious act of resistance against the Norman conquest of England. Judith betrayed Waltheof to her uncle, who had Waltheof beheaded on 31 May 1076.

Family/Spouse: NORTHUMBERLAND, Waltheof. Waltheof (son of SIWARD and Living) was born in 1050 in Northumberland, England; died on 31 May 1076. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 26 GGF
• Name: Baudouin
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1098 and 1120; Count of Hainault

III married Living [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: He was an illegitimate son of Geoffrey of Anjou, and thus a half-brother of King Henry II,[1] and an uncle of King Richard I and of King John.
• Relation to Me: 26 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Earl of Warenne or Surrey

Hamelin married DE WARENNE, Isabel in Apr 1164 in Surrey, England. Isabel (daughter of DE WARENNE, William III and DE TALVAS, Adelia) was born in 1137 in Lewes, Sussex, England; died on 13 Jul 1199 in Lewes, Sussex, England; was buried in Lewes District, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Henry II appears as a character in several modern plays and films. He is a central character in James Goldman's 1966 play The Lion in Winter, set in 1183 and presenting an imaginary encounter between Henry's immediate family and Philip Augustus over Christmas at Chinon.
• Relation to Me: 26 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England
• Name: Henry II Curtmantle Plantagenet
• Birth: 5 Mar 1133, Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France
• Death: 6 Jul 1189, Loire, Rhône-Alpes, France

Notes:

Henry was not a popular king and few expressed much grief on news of his death. Writing in the 1190s, William of Newburgh commented that "in his own time he was hated by almost everyone"; he was widely criticised by his own contemporaries, even within his own court. Many of the changes Henry introduced during his long rule, however, had major long-term consequences. His legal changes are generally considered to have laid the basis for English Common Law, with the Exchequer court a forerunner of the later Common Bench at Westminster. Henry's itinerant justices also influenced his contemporaries' legal reforms: Philip Augustus' creation of itinerant bailli, for example, clearly drew on the Henrician model. Henry's intervention in Brittany, Wales and Scotland also had a significant long-term impact on the development of their societies and governmental systems.

Family/Spouse: DE TOSNY, Ida. Ida (daughter of DE TONY, Ralph and LEICESTER, Margaret of) was born about 1155; died before 1221. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

II married OF AQUITAINE, Duchess of Acquitaine Eleanor on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. Eleanor (daughter of AQUITAINE, Guillaume X of and DE CHATELLERAULT, Aenor) was born on 6 Dec 1122 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France; died on 1 Apr 1204 in Fontevraud Abbey, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; was buried in Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Biography
• Books About: The Autumn Throne: A Novel of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Middle Ages Queen of England
• Books About: The Summer Queen by Elizabeth Chadwick
• Books About: The Winter Crown: A Medieval Tale of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of England
• Differentiator: Member of the Ramnulfid dynasty of rulers in southwestern France, and one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in western Europe during the High Middle Ages. She led armies several times in her life, and was a leader of the Second Crusade.
• Relation to Me: 26 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Duchess of Acquitaine, Queen Consort of England, Queen Consort of France

Notes:

As Duchess of Aquitaine, Eleanor was the most eligible bride in Europe. Three months after she became duchess, she married King Louis VII of France, son of her guardian, King Louis VI. As Queen of France, she participated in the unsuccessful Second Crusade. Soon afterwards, Eleanor sought an annulment of her marriage,[1] but her request was rejected by Pope Eugene III.[2] However, after the birth of her second daughter Alix, Louis agreed to an annulment, as fifteen years of marriage had not produced a son.[3] The marriage was annulled on 11 March 1152 on the grounds of consanguinity within the fourth degree. Their daughters were declared legitimate and custody was awarded to Louis, while Eleanor's lands were restored to her.

As soon as the annulment was granted, Eleanor became engaged to Henry, Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou, who became King Henry II of England in 1154. Henry was her third cousin (cousin of the third degree), and eleven years younger. The couple married on 18 May 1152 (Whit Sunday), eight weeks after the annulment of Eleanor's first marriage, in a cathedral in Poitiers, France. Over the next thirteen years, she bore Henry eight children: five sons, three of whom would become kings; and three daughters. However, Henry and Eleanor eventually became estranged. Henry imprisoned her in 1173 for supporting her son Henry's revolt against her husband. She was not released until 6 July 1189, when Henry died and their son ascended the English throne as Richard I.

Now queen dowager, Eleanor acted as regent while Richard went on the Third Crusade; on his return Richard was captured and held prisoner. Eleanor lived well into the reign of her youngest son, John. She outlived all her children except for John and Eleanor.

Eleanor married HENRY, II on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. II (son of PLANTAGENET, Count of Anjou Geoffroy V and MATILDA, Empress) was born on 5 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France; died on 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleanor married FRANCE, King Louis VII of in 1137 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. King (son of FRANCE, King Louis VI of and SAVOY, Adelaide of Maurienne) was born in 1120 in Champagne, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France; died on 18 Sep 1180 in Abbey at Saint Pont, Allier, Auvergne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Lady of the English by Elizabeth Chadwick
• Differentiator: Claimant to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy.
• Relation to Me: 27 GGM
• Name: Matilda Maud Empress Of GERMANY
• Birth: 7 Feb 1102
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 7 Jan 1114 and 23 May 1125; Holy Roman Empress; German Queen; Queen of Italy
• Death: 10 Sep 1167

Notes:

The daughter of King Henry I of England, she moved to Germany as a child when she married the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. She travelled with her husband into Italy in 1116, was controversially crowned in St. Peter's Basilica, and acted as the imperial regent in Italy. Matilda and Henry had no children, and when Henry died in 1125, the crown was claimed by Lothair II, one of his political enemies.

On Henry V's death, Matilda was recalled to Normandy by her father, who arranged for her to marry Geoffrey of Anjou to form an alliance to protect his southern borders. Henry I had no further legitimate children and nominated Matilda as his heir, making his court swear an oath of loyalty to her and her successors, but the decision was not popular in the Anglo-Norman court. Henry died in 1135 but Matilda and Geoffrey faced opposition from the Norman barons and were unable to pursue their claims. The throne was instead taken by Matilda's cousin Stephen of Blois, who enjoyed the backing of the English Church.

In 1139 Matilda crossed to England to take the kingdom by force, supported by her half-brother, Robert of Gloucester, and her uncle, King David I of Scotland, while Geoffrey focused on conquering Normandy. Matilda's forces captured Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, but the Empress's attempt to be crowned at Westminster collapsed in the face of bitter opposition from the London crowds. As a result of this retreat, Matilda was never formally declared Queen of England, and was instead titled the Lady of the English.

The war degenerated into a stalemate, with Matilda controlling much of the south-west of England, and Stephen the south-east and the Midlands. Large parts of the rest of the country were in the hands of local, independent barons. Matilda returned to Normandy, now in the hands of her husband, in 1148, leaving her eldest son to continue the campaign in England; he eventually succeeded to the throne as Henry II in 1154.

Empress married PLANTAGENET, Count of Anjou Geoffroy V on 22 May 1127 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. Geoffroy (son of ANJOU, King of Jerusalem, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine Foulques V le Jeune Count of and DU MAINE, Ermengarde) was born on 24 Aug 1113 in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France; died on 7 Sep 1151 in Loire, Rhône-Alpes, France; was buried in Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 29 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: 1st Earl of Gloucester
• Name: Robert Rufus, Robert de Caen, Robert Consul

Notes:

Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England. He was the half-brother of the Empress Matilda, and her chief military supporter during the civil war known as The Anarchy, in which she vied with Stephen of Blois for the throne of England.

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Earl of Cornwall
• Name: Reginald de Mortain; Reginald de Dunstanville; Reginald FitzHenry; Rainald

Notes:

Birth:
illegitimate son of Henry I through Sybil Corbet

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 28 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: 2nd Earl of Surrey
• Name: More often referred to as Earl Warenne or Earl of Warenne than as Earl of Surrey.

Notes:

His father, the 1st Earl, was one of the Conqueror's most trusted and most rewarded barons who, at his death in 1088, was the 3rd or 4th richest magnate in England. In 1088 William II inherited his father's lands in England and his Norman estates including the castles of Mortemer and Bellencombre in Haute-Normandy.

Family/Spouse: VERMANDOIS, Elizabeth of. Elizabeth (daughter of VERMANDOIS, Hugh I of and VERMANDOIS, Adelaide of, daughter of HUGH, I) was born in 1085; died in 1131. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Alice of Northumberland

Adelisa married DE TOENI, Ralph in 1103. Ralph (son of DE TOENI, Ralph and MONTFORD, Isabel) was born in 1079 in Flamstead, Hertfordshire, England; died in 1126 in Conches, Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 27 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Queen Consort of Scotland
• Name: Queen Matilda

Notes:

Buried:
Scone Abbey

Died:
buried at Scone Abbey

Queen married SCOTLAND, King David I of in 1113. King (son of SCOTLAND, Malcolm III of and SCOTLAND, Margaret of) was born in 1084; died on 24 May 1153. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Queen married DE SENSLIS, Simon in 1090. Simon died about 1111. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Living married Living [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: MARSHAL, Maud. Maud (daughter of MARSHAL, William and DE CLARE, Isabel) was born in 1192; died on 27 Mar 1248. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Physical Description: King Henry's mistress

Notes:

Birth:
Kenilworth, Essex, England

Family/Spouse: ENGLAND, King John of. King (son of HENRY, II and OF AQUITAINE, Duchess of Acquitaine Eleanor) was born on 24 Dec 1166 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England; died on 19 Oct 1216; was buried . [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 25 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Earl of Salisbury

Notes:

Bastard son of King Henry II

Family/Spouse: SALISBURY, Ela of. Ela (daughter of FITZPATRICK, High Sheriff of Somerset and Dorset William and Living) was born in 1187; died in 1261. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 26 GU
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England
• Name: Lionheart

Richard married NAVARRE, Berengaria Princess of on 12 May 1191. Berengaria was born in 1163; died on 23 Dec 1230 in Abbey of L'Esau Le Mans Sarte, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: King John Treachery and Tyranny
• Differentiator: King and signer of the Magna Carta
• Relation to Me: 25 GGF
• Name: John Lackland
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 6 Apr 1199 and 19 Oct 1216; King of England
• Magna Carta: 1215; King and signer of the Magna Carta

Notes:

John lost the Duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France, resulting in the collapse of most of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the Capetian dynasty during the 13th century. The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of Magna Carta, a document sometimes considered to be an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom.

Contemporary chroniclers were mostly critical of John's performance as king, and his reign has since been the subject of significant debate and periodic revision by historians from the 16th century onwards. Historian Jim Bradbury has summarised the current historical opinion of John's positive qualities, observing that John is today usually considered a "hard-working administrator, an able man, an able general". Nonetheless, modern historians agree that he also had many faults as king, including what historian Ralph Turner describes as "distasteful, even dangerous personality traits", such as pettiness, spitefulness and cruelty.[3] These negative qualities provided extensive material for fiction writers in the Victorian era, and John remains a recurring character within Western popular culture, primarily as a villain in films and stories depicting the Robin Hood legends.

Died:
Newark Castle, Lincolnshire, England

Family/Spouse: DE WARENNE, Adela "Ela". Adela (daughter of DE WARENNE, Hamelin and DE WARENNE, Isabel) was born about 1170; died on 27 May 1240 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: ANGOULEME, Isabella of. Isabella (daughter of ANGOULEME, last Count of Angoulême of the House of Taillefer. Aymer of and COURTENAY, Alice of) was born in 1188; died on 4 Jun 1246. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 26 GU
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Princess of England, Queen of Castile and Toledo

Notes:

In 1170 Eleanor married King Alfonso VIII of Castile in Burgos.[1] Her parents' purpose in arranging the marriage was to secure Aquitaine's Pyrenean border, while Alfonso was seeking an ally in his struggles with Sancho VI of Navarre. In 1177, this led to Henry overseeing arbitration of the border dispute.[8]

Around the year 1200, Alfonso began to claim that the duchy of Gascony was part of Eleanor's dowry, but there is no documented foundation for that claim. It is highly unlikely that Henry II would have parted with so significant a portion of his domains. At most, Gascony may have been pledged as security for the full payment of his daughter's dowry. Her husband went so far on this claim as to invade Gascony in her name in 1205. In 1206, her brother John granted her safe passage to visit him, perhaps to try opening peace negotiations. In 1208, Alfonso yielded on the claim.[9] Decades later, their great-grandson Alfonso X of Castile would claim the duchy on the grounds that her dowry had never been fully paid.

Of all Eleanor of Aquitaine's daughters, her namesake was the only one who was enabled, by political circumstances, to wield the kind of influence her mother had exercised.[10] In her own marriage treaty, and in the first marriage treaty for her daughter Berengaria, Eleanor was given direct control of many lands, towns, and castles throughout the kingdom.[11] She was almost as powerful as Alfonso, who specified in his will in 1204 that she was to rule alongside their son in the event of his death, including taking responsibility for paying his debts and executing his will.[12] It was she who persuaded him to marry their daughter Berengaria to Alfonso IX of León. Troubadours and sages were regularly present in Alfonso VIII's court due to Eleanor's patronage.[13]

Eleanor took particular interest in supporting religious institutions. In 1179, she took responsibility to support and maintain a shrine to St. Thomas Becket in the cathedral of Toledo. She also created and supported the Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas, which served as a refuge and tomb for her family for generations, and its affiliated hospital.[14]

When Alfonso died, Eleanor was reportedly so devastated with grief that she was unable to preside over the burial. Their eldest daughter Berengaria instead performed these honours. Eleanor then went sick and died only twenty-six days after her husband, and was buried at Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas.[15]

Family/Spouse: CASTILE, Alfonso VIII of. Alfonso (son of CASTILE, Sancho III of and NAVARRE, Blanche of) was born on 11 Nov 1155; died on 5 Oct 1214. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Henry II appears as a character in several modern plays and films. He is a central character in James Goldman's 1966 play The Lion in Winter, set in 1183 and presenting an imaginary encounter between Henry's immediate family and Philip Augustus over Christmas at Chinon.
• Relation to Me: 26 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England
• Name: Henry II Curtmantle Plantagenet
• Birth: 5 Mar 1133, Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France
• Death: 6 Jul 1189, Loire, Rhône-Alpes, France

Notes:

Henry was not a popular king and few expressed much grief on news of his death. Writing in the 1190s, William of Newburgh commented that "in his own time he was hated by almost everyone"; he was widely criticised by his own contemporaries, even within his own court. Many of the changes Henry introduced during his long rule, however, had major long-term consequences. His legal changes are generally considered to have laid the basis for English Common Law, with the Exchequer court a forerunner of the later Common Bench at Westminster. Henry's itinerant justices also influenced his contemporaries' legal reforms: Philip Augustus' creation of itinerant bailli, for example, clearly drew on the Henrician model. Henry's intervention in Brittany, Wales and Scotland also had a significant long-term impact on the development of their societies and governmental systems.

Family/Spouse: DE TOSNY, Ida. Ida (daughter of DE TONY, Ralph and LEICESTER, Margaret of) was born about 1155; died before 1221. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

II married OF AQUITAINE, Duchess of Acquitaine Eleanor on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. Eleanor (daughter of AQUITAINE, Guillaume X of and DE CHATELLERAULT, Aenor) was born on 6 Dec 1122 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France; died on 1 Apr 1204 in Fontevraud Abbey, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; was buried in Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 28 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Chester
• Name: Matilda

Notes:

In January 1141, Earl Ranulf and Countess Matilda were at Lincoln Castle when it was besieged by the forces of King Stephen of England. The following month, a relief army loyal to Empress Matilda and led by her father Robert earl of Gloucester defeated and captured the king in the fierce fighting, later known as the First Battle of Lincoln. In return for his help in repelling the king's troops, the countess's father compelled her husband to swear fealty to Empress Matilda, who was Earl Robert's half-sister.

Family/Spouse: DE GERNONS, Ranulph. Ranulph was born in 1099; died in 1153. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: DE BEAUMONT, Robert. Robert (son of DE BEAUMONT, Waleran IV and Living) was born in 1142; died in 1204 in Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 27 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: 3rd Earl of Surrey

Notes:

He was a great-grandson of King Henry I of France, and half-brother to Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester, Waleran IV de Beaumont, Count of Meulan, and Hugh de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Bedford. Anglo-Norman nobleman who fought in England during the Anarchy and generally remained loyal to King Stephen. He participated in the Second Crusade.

Birth:
Vermandois, , Normandy, France

Died:
William was killed at the Battle of Mount Cadmus while the crusader army was marching across Anatolia on their way to the Holy Land.

William married DE TALVAS, Adelia in 1134 in Surrey, England. Adelia (daughter of TALVAS, William III and BURGANDY, Helie of) was born in 1124; died on 4 Oct 1174 in Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: A Pawn for a King by Sarah Hinze
• Relation to Me: 29 GGM

Family/Spouse: SCOTLAND, Heir apparent to the Kingdom of Alba. He was also the 3rd Earl of Northumberland and the 3rd Earl of Huntingdon. Henry of. Henry (son of SCOTLAND, King David I of and MAUDE, Countess of Huntingdon Queen) was born in 1114; died on 12 Jun 1152. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 25 GGF

Roger married Living [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Heir apparent to the Kingdom of Alba. He was also the 3rd Earl of Northumberland and the 3rd Earl of Huntingdon.

Family/Spouse: DE WARENNE, Ada. Ada (daughter of DE WARREN, William II and VERMANDOIS, Elizabeth of) was born in 1120; died in 1178. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Witnessed a charter for King Henry II
• Relation to Me: 24 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Knight of Flamstead, Hertfordhsire, South Tawton, Devon, Walthamstow, Essex, Necton, Norfolk, Paincastle, Radnorshire

Family/Spouse: LEICESTER, Margaret of. Margaret (daughter of Living and Living) died after 1185. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Title: Son of King John I with his mistress

Richard married DE DOVER, Rohese in 1207 in Chilham, Kent, England. Rohese (daughter of DE DOVER, Fulbert Robert and DEBRIWERE, Isabel) was born in 1200 in Chilham, Kent, England; died in 1265 in Chilham, Kent, England; was buried in London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 24 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Justiciary of Ireland

Family/Spouse: DE RIDELISFORD, Emeline. Emeline (daughter of Living and Living) was born in 1220; died in 1276. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Earl of Salisbury

Family/Spouse: CAMVILLE, Idione. Idione (daughter of CAMVILLE, Richard and BASSET, Eustachia) was born in 1205; died in 1251. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Henry III: The Great King England Never Knew It Had
• Books About: Henry III: The Rise to Power and Personal Rule, 1207-1258 (Volume 1) (The English Monarchs Series
• Books About: The Silken Rose
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England
• Name: Henry of Winchester

Family/Spouse: PROVENCE, Eleanor of. Eleanor (daughter of BERENGUER, Ramon IV and SAVOY, Beatrice of) was born in 1223; died on 24 Jun 1291. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: MARSHAL, Isabel. Isabel (daughter of MARSHAL, William and DE CLARE, Isabel) was born on 9 Oct 1200 in Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales; died on 17 Jan 1240 in Berkhampstead Castle, Hertfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Ladies of the Magna Carta
• Name: Lady of Wales, Lady of Snowdon

Family/Spouse: IORWERTH, Llywelyn ap. Llywelyn (son of DRWYNDWN, Iorwerth and MADOG, Marared ferch) was born in 1173 in Aberffraw Castle, Anglesey, Wales; died on 11 Apr 1240 in Aberconwy Abbey, Nant Conwy, Arllechwedd Cantref, Gwynedd, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: FRANCE, King of France King Louis VIII of. King (son of FRANCE, King of France King Philip II Augustus and OF HAINAUT, Isabelle) was born on 5 Sep 1187; died on 8 Nov 1226. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Queen of Castile and Toledo; Queen consort of Leon

Family/Spouse: LEON, Alfonso IX of. Alfonso (son of LEON, Ferdinand II of and PORTUGAL, Urraca of) was born on 15 Aug 1171; died on 24 Sep 1230. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 25 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Earl of Salisbury

Notes:

Bastard son of King Henry II

Family/Spouse: SALISBURY, Ela of. Ela (daughter of FITZPATRICK, High Sheriff of Somerset and Dorset William and Living) was born in 1187; died in 1261. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 26 GU
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England
• Name: Lionheart

Richard married NAVARRE, Berengaria Princess of on 12 May 1191. Berengaria was born in 1163; died on 23 Dec 1230 in Abbey of L'Esau Le Mans Sarte, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: King John Treachery and Tyranny
• Differentiator: King and signer of the Magna Carta
• Relation to Me: 25 GGF
• Name: John Lackland
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 6 Apr 1199 and 19 Oct 1216; King of England
• Magna Carta: 1215; King and signer of the Magna Carta

Notes:

John lost the Duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France, resulting in the collapse of most of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the Capetian dynasty during the 13th century. The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of Magna Carta, a document sometimes considered to be an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom.

Contemporary chroniclers were mostly critical of John's performance as king, and his reign has since been the subject of significant debate and periodic revision by historians from the 16th century onwards. Historian Jim Bradbury has summarised the current historical opinion of John's positive qualities, observing that John is today usually considered a "hard-working administrator, an able man, an able general". Nonetheless, modern historians agree that he also had many faults as king, including what historian Ralph Turner describes as "distasteful, even dangerous personality traits", such as pettiness, spitefulness and cruelty.[3] These negative qualities provided extensive material for fiction writers in the Victorian era, and John remains a recurring character within Western popular culture, primarily as a villain in films and stories depicting the Robin Hood legends.

Died:
Newark Castle, Lincolnshire, England

Family/Spouse: DE WARENNE, Adela "Ela". Adela (daughter of DE WARENNE, Hamelin and DE WARENNE, Isabel) was born about 1170; died on 27 May 1240 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: ANGOULEME, Isabella of. Isabella (daughter of ANGOULEME, last Count of Angoulême of the House of Taillefer. Aymer of and COURTENAY, Alice of) was born in 1188; died on 4 Jun 1246. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 26 GU
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Princess of England, Queen of Castile and Toledo

Notes:

In 1170 Eleanor married King Alfonso VIII of Castile in Burgos.[1] Her parents' purpose in arranging the marriage was to secure Aquitaine's Pyrenean border, while Alfonso was seeking an ally in his struggles with Sancho VI of Navarre. In 1177, this led to Henry overseeing arbitration of the border dispute.[8]

Around the year 1200, Alfonso began to claim that the duchy of Gascony was part of Eleanor's dowry, but there is no documented foundation for that claim. It is highly unlikely that Henry II would have parted with so significant a portion of his domains. At most, Gascony may have been pledged as security for the full payment of his daughter's dowry. Her husband went so far on this claim as to invade Gascony in her name in 1205. In 1206, her brother John granted her safe passage to visit him, perhaps to try opening peace negotiations. In 1208, Alfonso yielded on the claim.[9] Decades later, their great-grandson Alfonso X of Castile would claim the duchy on the grounds that her dowry had never been fully paid.

Of all Eleanor of Aquitaine's daughters, her namesake was the only one who was enabled, by political circumstances, to wield the kind of influence her mother had exercised.[10] In her own marriage treaty, and in the first marriage treaty for her daughter Berengaria, Eleanor was given direct control of many lands, towns, and castles throughout the kingdom.[11] She was almost as powerful as Alfonso, who specified in his will in 1204 that she was to rule alongside their son in the event of his death, including taking responsibility for paying his debts and executing his will.[12] It was she who persuaded him to marry their daughter Berengaria to Alfonso IX of León. Troubadours and sages were regularly present in Alfonso VIII's court due to Eleanor's patronage.[13]

Eleanor took particular interest in supporting religious institutions. In 1179, she took responsibility to support and maintain a shrine to St. Thomas Becket in the cathedral of Toledo. She also created and supported the Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas, which served as a refuge and tomb for her family for generations, and its affiliated hospital.[14]

When Alfonso died, Eleanor was reportedly so devastated with grief that she was unable to preside over the burial. Their eldest daughter Berengaria instead performed these honours. Eleanor then went sick and died only twenty-six days after her husband, and was buried at Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas.[15]

Family/Spouse: CASTILE, Alfonso VIII of. Alfonso (son of CASTILE, Sancho III of and NAVARRE, Blanche of) was born on 11 Nov 1155; died on 5 Oct 1214. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Meulan

Notes:

Died:
at the Siege of Acre during the Third Crusade

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 26 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: 4th Countess of Surrey

Notes:

She was the great-granddaughter of the first Norman earl, William and his Flemish wife Gundred.[2] When her father died in the Holy Land c.1148 she inherited the earldom of Surrey and was married to William of Blois, the younger son of King Stephen, who became Earl in her right.[1][2] The marriage occurred at a critical moment in The Anarchy as part of the king's attempt to control the de Warenne lands. The couple did not have any children and after William's death in 1159, King Henry II's brother, William X, Count of Poitou sought her hand in 1162/3, but Thomas Becket refused a dispensation from affinity on the grounds of consanguinity. In April 1164, the countess married Hamelin of Anjou, a natural half-brother of King Henry, who became jure uxoris Earl of Surrey. The countess lived an unusually long life, dying at age 73

Isabel married DE WARENNE, Hamelin in Apr 1164 in Surrey, England. Hamelin (son of PLANTAGENET, Count of Anjou Geoffroy V and Living) was born in 1130 in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France; died on 7 May 1202 in Lewes, Sussex, England; was buried in Lewes District, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. He had the second-longest reign in Scottish history before the Act of Union with England in 1707.
• Relation to Me: 25 GGF
• Name: William the Lion; Garbh (the Rough)
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1165 and 1214; King of Scotland

Family/Spouse: DE AVENAL, Isabel. Isabel (daughter of AVENEL, Robert and Living) died in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 27 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Duchess of Brittany

Family/Spouse: DE BOHUN, Humphrey III. Humphrey (son of DE BOHUN, Humphrey II and HEREFORD, Margaret of) was born in 1144; died in Dec 1181. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Witnessed a charter for King Henry II
• Relation to Me: 24 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Knight of Flamstead, Hertfordhsire, South Tawton, Devon, Walthamstow, Essex, Necton, Norfolk, Paincastle, Radnorshire

Family/Spouse: LEICESTER, Margaret of. Margaret (daughter of Living and Living) died after 1185. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: For the King's Favor by Elizabeth Chadwick
• Books About: The Time of Singing by Elizabeth Chadwick
• Differentiator: Royal ward and mistress to King Henry II, mothering one of his illegitimate sons
• Relation to Me: 23 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Norfolk

Notes:

Before she was married, Ida was the mistress of King Henry II, by whom she was the mother of William Longspee, Knight and Earl of Salisbury

Ida de Tosny and her husband Roger are the main characters in Elizabeth Chadwick's The Time of Singing (Sphere, 2008), published in the USA as For the King's Favor. They appear as minor characters in other of her books set at the same time, notably To Defy a King, which concerns the marriage of their son Hugh to Maud, a daughter of William Marshal

Family/Spouse: HENRY, II. II (son of PLANTAGENET, Count of Anjou Geoffroy V and MATILDA, Empress) was born on 5 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France; died on 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ida married LE BIGOD, Sir Knight Roger in 1181. Roger (son of BIGOD, Hugh and Living) was born in 1144; died before 2 Aug 1221. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Lorette married MARMION, Sir William in 1248 in Kent, England. Sir (son of MARMION, Robert VI "The Younger" Sir and TANFIELD, Avice de) was born in 1235 in Glanford Brigg, Winteringham, Lincolnshire, England; died in 1276 in Horncastle, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: LA ZOUCHE, Sir Roger. Sir died in 1285. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: DE AUDLEY, James. James (son of Living and Living) was born in 1225; died on 11 Jun 1272. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England
• Name: Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots

Family/Spouse: FRANCE, Margaret of. Margaret (daughter of FRANCE, King of France Phillip III of and BRABANT, Maria of) was born in 1279; died in 1318. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: CASTILE, Queen Consort of England, Coronation date Eleanor of. Eleanor (daughter of CASTILE, Ferdinand III of and DAMMARTIN, Joan of) was born in 1241 in Burgos, Castilla-Leon, Spain; died on 28 Nov 1290. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: OF ARTOIS, Blanche. Blanche (daughter of ARTOIS, Robert I Count of and Living) was born in 1248; died on 2 May 1302. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: SAINT OWEN, Joan. Joan was born in 1260; died in 1300. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Ellen ferch Llewelyn

Family/Spouse: DE QUINCY, Robert. Robert (son of DE QUINCY, Saer and BEAUMONT, Margaret) was born before 1200; died in Aug 1257. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Robert the Good

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: King of France
• Name: Saint Louis

Notes:

Louis IX commonly known as Saint Louis, was King of France, the ninth from the House of Capet, and is a canonized Catholic and Anglican saint.

Louis was crowned in Reims at the age of 12, following the death of his father Louis VIII the Lion, although his mother, Blanche of Castile, ruled the kingdom until he reached maturity. During Louis' childhood, Blanche dealt with the opposition of rebellious vassals and put an end to the Albigensian Crusade which had started 20 years earlier.

As an adult, Louis IX faced recurring conflicts with some of the most-powerful nobles, such as Hugh X of Lusignan and Peter of Dreux. Simultaneously, Henry III of England tried to restore his continental possessions, but was utterly defeated at the battle of Taillebourg. His reign saw the annexation of several provinces, notably Normandy, Maine and Provence.

Louis IX was a reformer and developed French royal justice, in which the king was the supreme judge to whom anyone could appeal to seek the amendment of a judgment. He banned trials by ordeal, tried to prevent the private wars that were plaguing the country, and introduced the presumption of innocence in criminal procedure. To enforce the application of this new legal system, Louis IX created provosts and bailiffs.

Following a vow he made after a serious illness and confirmed after a miraculous cure, Louis IX took an active part in the Seventh and Eighth Crusades. He died from dysentery during the latter crusade, and was succeeded by his son Philip III.

Louis's actions were inspired by Christian zeal and Catholic devotion. He decided to severely punish blasphemy (for which he set the punishment to mutilation of the tongue and lips),[1] gambling, interest-bearing loans and prostitution. He spent exorbitant sums on presumed relics of Christ, for which he built the Sainte-Chapelle, and he expanded the scope of the Inquisition and ordered the burning of Talmuds and other Jewish books. He is the only canonized king of France, and there are consequently many places named after him.

Died:
During his second crusade, Louis died of Dysentery

Family/Spouse: PROVENCE, Margaret of. Margaret was born in 1221; died on 20 Dec 1295. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: OF PROVENCE, Beatrice. Beatrice was born in 1229; died on 23 Sep 1267. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Between 31 Aug 1217 and 30 May 1252; King of Castile and Toledo

Family/Spouse: DAMMARTIN, Joan of. Joan was born in 1220; died on 16 Mar 1279. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 24 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Justiciary of Ireland

Family/Spouse: DE RIDELISFORD, Emeline. Emeline (daughter of Living and Living) was born in 1220; died in 1276. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Earl of Salisbury

Family/Spouse: CAMVILLE, Idione. Idione (daughter of CAMVILLE, Richard and BASSET, Eustachia) was born in 1205; died in 1251. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Title: Son of King John I with his mistress

Richard married DE DOVER, Rohese in 1207 in Chilham, Kent, England. Rohese (daughter of DE DOVER, Fulbert Robert and DEBRIWERE, Isabel) was born in 1200 in Chilham, Kent, England; died in 1265 in Chilham, Kent, England; was buried in London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Henry III: The Great King England Never Knew It Had
• Books About: Henry III: The Rise to Power and Personal Rule, 1207-1258 (Volume 1) (The English Monarchs Series
• Books About: The Silken Rose
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England
• Name: Henry of Winchester

Family/Spouse: PROVENCE, Eleanor of. Eleanor (daughter of BERENGUER, Ramon IV and SAVOY, Beatrice of) was born in 1223; died on 24 Jun 1291. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: MARSHAL, Isabel. Isabel (daughter of MARSHAL, William and DE CLARE, Isabel) was born on 9 Oct 1200 in Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales; died on 17 Jan 1240 in Berkhampstead Castle, Hertfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Ladies of the Magna Carta
• Name: Lady of Wales, Lady of Snowdon

Family/Spouse: IORWERTH, Llywelyn ap. Llywelyn (son of DRWYNDWN, Iorwerth and MADOG, Marared ferch) was born in 1173 in Aberffraw Castle, Anglesey, Wales; died on 11 Apr 1240 in Aberconwy Abbey, Nant Conwy, Arllechwedd Cantref, Gwynedd, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: FRANCE, King of France King Louis VIII of. King (son of FRANCE, King of France King Philip II Augustus and OF HAINAUT, Isabelle) was born on 5 Sep 1187; died on 8 Nov 1226. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Queen of Castile and Toledo; Queen consort of Leon

Family/Spouse: LEON, Alfonso IX of. Alfonso (son of LEON, Ferdinand II of and PORTUGAL, Urraca of) was born on 15 Aug 1171; died on 24 Sep 1230. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: MARSHAL, Maud. Maud (daughter of MARSHAL, William and DE CLARE, Isabel) was born in 1192; died on 27 Mar 1248. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Physical Description: King Henry's mistress

Notes:

Birth:
Kenilworth, Essex, England

Family/Spouse: ENGLAND, King John of. King (son of HENRY, II and OF AQUITAINE, Duchess of Acquitaine Eleanor) was born on 24 Dec 1166 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England; died on 19 Oct 1216; was buried . [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Illegitimate daughter of William the Lion King of Scots by a daughter of Robert Avenel.

Notes:

Isabel of Scotland is identified as a natural daughter, (born out of wedlock), of King William, the Lion. The name of her mother is Isabel de Avenal, spouse of Robert de Avenel. Isabel of Scotland married (2nd) Robert de Roos of Helmsley, Yorkshire.

Bruce, Robert de IV d. before 1191, son of Robert III, was married in 1183 to Isabel, daughter of William the Lion, by a daughter of Robert Avenel, when he was given the manor of Haltwhistle in Tyndale as her dowry


Birth:
Illegitimate daughter of William the Lion King of Scots by a daughter of Robert Avenel.

Isabella married DE ROS, Lord of Hamlake Castle, Yorkshire; Bailiff and Castellan of Bonneville-sur-Touques in Lower Normandy Robert in 1191. Robert (son of DE ROS, Everard and ROESE) was born in 1172 in Helmsley, Yorkshire, England; died in 1227 in Helmsley, Yorkshire, England; was buried in 1227 in London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabella married BRUCE, Robert IV in 1183 in Scotland. Robert (son of Living and Living) was born in 1144 in Annan, Dumfries-shire, Scotland; died in 1190. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Magna Carta Baron: not a direct ancestor
• Relation to Me: 29 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: 1st Earl of Hereford
• Magna Carta: 1215; Magna Carta Baron, not a direct ancestor

Notes:

Henry de Bohun was one of the 25 sureties of the Magna Carta in 1215, and was subsequently excommunicated by the Pope.[1] [2]

"Henry de Bohun was a member of the Essex-based family grouping brought to the rebel cause by kinship with Geoffrey de Mandeville and Robert FitzWalter. His family also held important blocks of lands in the west of England."[6]

In 1215 he joined the confederacy of the barons against the king, and his lands were seized by the king. He was one of the twenty-five barons elected to guarantee the observance of Magna Carta, signed by King John 15 June 1215. In consequence he was among the barons excommunicated by Pope Innocent III 16 Dec 1215.[2]

Family/Spouse: FITZGEOFFREY, Maud. Maud (daughter of FITZPIERS, Geoffrey and SAY, Beatrice) was born in 1184; died on 27 Aug 1236 in Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: For the King's Favor by Elizabeth Chadwick
• Books About: The Time of Singing by Elizabeth Chadwick
• Differentiator: Royal ward and mistress to King Henry II, mothering one of his illegitimate sons
• Relation to Me: 23 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Countess of Norfolk

Notes:

Before she was married, Ida was the mistress of King Henry II, by whom she was the mother of William Longspee, Knight and Earl of Salisbury

Ida de Tosny and her husband Roger are the main characters in Elizabeth Chadwick's The Time of Singing (Sphere, 2008), published in the USA as For the King's Favor. They appear as minor characters in other of her books set at the same time, notably To Defy a King, which concerns the marriage of their son Hugh to Maud, a daughter of William Marshal

Family/Spouse: HENRY, II. II (son of PLANTAGENET, Count of Anjou Geoffroy V and MATILDA, Empress) was born on 5 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France; died on 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ida married LE BIGOD, Sir Knight Roger in 1181. Roger (son of BIGOD, Hugh and Living) was born in 1144; died before 2 Aug 1221. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 25 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Earl of Salisbury

Notes:

Bastard son of King Henry II

Family/Spouse: SALISBURY, Ela of. Ela (daughter of FITZPATRICK, High Sheriff of Somerset and Dorset William and Living) was born in 1187; died in 1261. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: secondary character in For the King's Favor
• Books About: secondary character in The Time of Singing
• Books About: To Defy a King by Elizabeth Chadwick
• Differentiator: Magna Carta Baron
• Relation to Me: 22 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: 3rd Earl of Norfolk
• Web Address: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Bigod,_3rd_Earl_of_Norfolk
• Web Address: https://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/roger-bigod-and-hugh-bigod/
• Web Address: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bigod-1
• Residence: Framlingham Castle, Suffolk, England; Primary family property
• Magna Carta: 1215; Hugh and his father joined in the baronial unrest which led to the signing of the Magna Carta, of which they were both Surety Barons
• _EXCM: 15 Jun 1215; By Pope Innocent III for his role in the Magna Carta rebellion

Notes:

Hugh le Bigod, born around 1182 and dying in 1225, was a member of the powerful early Norman Bigod family and played a crucial role in the events surrounding the Magna Carta. He was the eldest son of Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk, and Ida de Tosny.

Hugh's life was marked by his involvement in the baronial opposition against King John of England. In 1215, he was one of the twenty-five sureties of the Magna Carta, a document that sought to limit the powers of the king and establish certain legal protections. His role in this pivotal moment in history highlights his status and influence in the political landscape of the time.

Hugh married Maud Marshal, daughter of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, and Isabel de Clare, around 1206 or 1207. This union brought him closer to one of the most powerful families in England. Together, they had several children, including Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk, and Hugh Bigod, Justiciar of England.

Hugh succeeded to his father's estates, including Framlingham Castle, in 1221. He also inherited the positions of Steward of the royal household and warden of Romford Forest, Essex. His tenure as the 3rd Earl of Norfolk was marked by his continued involvement in the political affairs of the realm.

In the years 1221 to 1225, Hugh made various grants and took part in a campaign against Llewelyn of Wales in 1223. On 11 February 1224-5, he witnessed the confirmation of the Magna Carta. Hugh died shortly after, on 18 February 1225. His wife, Maud, survived him and later remarried William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey.

Hugh Bigod's life illustrates the complex interplay of power, loyalty, and rebellion in medieval England. His involvement in key historical events like the Magna Carta and his role as a surety baron reflect his significant role in the struggle for rights and governance during this period.

Family/Spouse: MARSHAL, Maud. Maud (daughter of MARSHAL, William and DE CLARE, Isabel) was born in 1192; died on 27 Mar 1248. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]