EDGAR, King I

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Some see Edgar's death as the beginning of the end of Anglo-Saxon England, followed as it was by three successful 11th century conquests — two Danish and one Norman.
• Relation to Me: 33 GGF
• Name: Edgar the Peaceful or the Peaceable
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 959 and 975; King of England

Notes:

Edgar was crowned at Bath and anointed with his wife Ælfthryth, setting a precedent for a coronation of a queen in England itself. Edgar's coronation did not happen until 973, in an imperial ceremony planned not as the initiation, but as the culmination of his reign (a move that must have taken a great deal of preliminary diplomacy). This service, devised by Dunstan himself and celebrated with a poem in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, forms the basis of the present-day British coronation ceremony.

Known as a reformer. Edgar oversaw realignment of county boundaries that woudl endure for more than 1000 years (until 1974) and also reformed weights and measures and the coinage.

Family/Spouse: AELFTHRYTH. (daughter of ORDGAR) was born in 945; died in 1000. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Æthelred has been credited with the formation of a local investigative body made up of twelve thegns who were charged with publishing the names of any notorious or wicked men in their respective districts. Because the members of these bodies were under solemn oath to act in accordance with the law and their own good consciences, they have been seen by some legal historians as the prototype for the English Grand Jury.
• Relation to Me: 32 GGF
• Name: Æthelred the Unready, King Æthelred the II
• Royalty & Nobility: 18 Mar 978-1013, 1014-23 Apr 1016; King of the English

Notes:

Later perspectives of Æthelred have been less than flattering. Numerous legends and anecdotes have sprung up to explain his shortcomings, often elaborating abusively on his character and failures. One such anecdote is given by William of Malmesbury (lived c. 1080-c. 1143), who reports that Æthelred had defecated in the baptismal font as a child, which led St. Dunstan to prophesy that the English monarchy would be overthrown during his reign. This story is, however, a fabrication, and a similar story is told of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine Copronymus, another mediaeval monarch who was unpopular among certain of his subjects.

Efforts to rehabilitate Æthelred's reputation have gained momentum since about 1980. Chief among the rehabilitators has been Simon Keynes, who has often argued that our poor impression of Æthelred is almost entirely based upon after-the-fact accounts of, and later accretions to, the narrative of events during Æthelred's long and complex reign.

Family/Spouse: YORK, Elfgifu of. Elfgifu was born in 970; died in 1002. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

II married NORMANDY, Emma of in 1002. Emma (daughter of RICHARD, I and Living) was born in 985; died on 6 Mar 1052. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 31 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 23 Apr and 30 Nov 1016; King of England

Notes:

Over the last few months of 1015, Cnut conquered most of England, and Edmund joined Æthelred (his father) to defend London, but Æthelred died on 23 April 1016, making Edmund King. It was not until the summer of 1016 that any serious fighting was done: Edmund fought five battles against the Danes, ending in his defeat on 18 October at the Battle of Assandun, after which they agreed to divide the kingdom, Edmund taking Wessex and Cnut the rest of the country. Edmund died shortly afterwards on 30 November, leaving two sons called Edward and Edmund; however, Cnut became the king of all England.

Family/Spouse: EALDGYTH. was born in 992; died after 1016. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: GERNONS, Count of Boulogne Eustace II aux. Eustace (son of BOULOGNE, Count of Boulogne Eustace I Count of and LEUVEN, Matilda of) was born in 1015; died in 1087. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Edward spent most of his life in exile following the defeat of his father by Canute the Great.
• Relation to Me: 30 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: English Prince and direct descendant of the Wessex kings
• Name: Edward the Exile, Edward Ætheling

Notes:

Edward the Exile was a direct descendant of a line of Wessex kings dating back, at least on the pages of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, to the arrival of Cerdic of Wessex in 495AD, and from Alfred the Great in the English monarchs family tree Of his more immediate ancestors, all four of Edward's male-line ancestors were Kings of England before Cnut the Great took the crown and sent Edward into exile.

Family/Spouse: AGATHA. was born before 1030; died after 1070. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Web Address: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Northumbria-6
• Name: Ælfgifu (Ealdgyth) "Algiva, Edith" of Dunbar

Notes:

Birth:
(aka the Kingdom of Northumbria)

Died:
(aka the Kingdom of Northumbria)

Edith married DUNKELD, Lord Maldred in 1040. Maldred (son of DUNKELD, Crínán of and MACALPIN, Princess Bethóc) was born about 1003 in Carlisle, Cumberland, England; died after 1051 in Winlaton, Durham, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Birth:
the fact that Gidgifu is Geoffrey's mother is just speculation

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Queen Hereafter: A Novel of Margaret of Scotland
• Books About: Queen Margaret of Scotland
• Differentiator: According to John of Worcester, Margaret lived for only three days after learning of the deaths of her husband and eldest son
• Relation to Me: 29 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Queen Consort of Scotland; English Princess of the House of Wessex
• Name: Saint Margaret of Scotland, Margaret of Wessex and The Pearl of Scotland

Notes:

Scotland's only royal saint, Margaret was the mother of three kings of Scotland (or four, if one includes Edmund of Scotland, who ruled Scotland with his uncle, Donald III) and of a queen consort of England. According to the Life of Saint Margaret, attributed to Turgot of Durham, she died at Edinburgh Castle in 1093, just days after receiving the news of her husband's death in battle. In 1250 she was canonized by Pope Innocent IV, and her remains were reinterred in a shrine at Dunfermline Abbey. Her relics were dispersed after the Scottish Reformation and subsequently lost.

Family/Spouse: SCOTLAND, Malcolm III of. Malcolm (son of DUNCAN, I and Living) was born on 26 Mar 1031 in Scotland; died on 13 Nov 1093 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Misc: Member of Clan Dunbar
• Royalty & Nobility: Earl of Northumbria, Lord of Allerdale and Carlisle; 1st Earl of Dunbar
• Web Address: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospatric,_Earl_of_Northumbria
• Web Address: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Dunbar-27
• Religion: Became a monk late in life

Notes:

Purchased the Earldom of Northumberland from William the Conqueror at Christmas 1067, but was deprived of it in 1072. He had a grant of 'Dunbar with the adjacent lands in Lothian' from his kinsman, King Malcolm III in 1072

Died:
Tomb in the crypt of Durham Cathedral

Family/Spouse: WESSEX, Ethelreda of. Ethelreda was born about 1042. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Although she is usually called Matilda, she was born with the name Eadgyth (Edith), as Orderic Vitalis notes. Before her marriage to king Henry I, she had been sought in marriage by Alan Rufus of Brittany and William de Warenne, Earl of Surrey
• Relation to Me: 28 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Princess of Scotland, Queen Consort of England

Notes:

After her death, she was remembered by her subjects as "Matilda the Good Queen" and "Matilda of Blessed Memory", and for a time sainthood was sought for her, though she was never canonized. Matilda is also thought to be the identity of the "Fair Lady" mentioned at the end of each verse in the nursery rhyme London Bridge Is Falling Down. The post-Norman conquest English monarchs to the present day are related to the Anglo-Saxon House of Wessex monarchs via Matilda of Scotland as she was the great-granddaughter of King Edmund Ironside, see House of Wessex family tree.

Buried:
Westminster Abbey

Family/Spouse: HENRY, King of England I. I (son of WILLIAM, I and COUNTESS OF FLANDERS, Matilda) was born in 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England; died on 1 Dec 1135 in Angers, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; was buried on 4 Jan 1136 in Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: David I: The King Who Made Scotland
• Books About: David the Prince
• Name: Dauíd mac Maíl Choluim
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1124 and 1153; King of the Scots

King married MAUDE, Countess of Huntingdon Queen in 1113. Queen (daughter of NORTHUMBERLAND, Waltheof and OF LENS, Judith) was born in 1074; died in 1130 in Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in 1130 in Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Misc: Member of Clan Dunbar
• Royalty & Nobility: 2nd Earl of Dunbar aka Earl of Lothiar
• Web Address: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Dunbar
• Web Address: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospatric_II,_Earl_of_Lothian
• Web Address: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Dunbar-157
• Name: Cospatrick II
• _MILT: 22 Aug 1138, Northallerton, Yorkshire, England; Earl Gospatric, described as "the chief leader of the men of Lothian" was killed at the Battle of the Standard, being "struck by an arrow, he fell".

Notes:

Died:
at the Battle of the Standard

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: DE LUCY, High Sherrif of Essex Richard. Richard (son of Living) was born in 1089 in France; died on 14 Jul 1179 in London, England; was buried in London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Lady of the English by Elizabeth Chadwick
• Differentiator: Claimant to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy.
• Relation to Me: 27 GGM
• Name: Matilda Maud Empress Of GERMANY
• Birth: 7 Feb 1102
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 7 Jan 1114 and 23 May 1125; Holy Roman Empress; German Queen; Queen of Italy
• Death: 10 Sep 1167

Notes:

The daughter of King Henry I of England, she moved to Germany as a child when she married the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. She travelled with her husband into Italy in 1116, was controversially crowned in St. Peter's Basilica, and acted as the imperial regent in Italy. Matilda and Henry had no children, and when Henry died in 1125, the crown was claimed by Lothair II, one of his political enemies.

On Henry V's death, Matilda was recalled to Normandy by her father, who arranged for her to marry Geoffrey of Anjou to form an alliance to protect his southern borders. Henry I had no further legitimate children and nominated Matilda as his heir, making his court swear an oath of loyalty to her and her successors, but the decision was not popular in the Anglo-Norman court. Henry died in 1135 but Matilda and Geoffrey faced opposition from the Norman barons and were unable to pursue their claims. The throne was instead taken by Matilda's cousin Stephen of Blois, who enjoyed the backing of the English Church.

In 1139 Matilda crossed to England to take the kingdom by force, supported by her half-brother, Robert of Gloucester, and her uncle, King David I of Scotland, while Geoffrey focused on conquering Normandy. Matilda's forces captured Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, but the Empress's attempt to be crowned at Westminster collapsed in the face of bitter opposition from the London crowds. As a result of this retreat, Matilda was never formally declared Queen of England, and was instead titled the Lady of the English.

The war degenerated into a stalemate, with Matilda controlling much of the south-west of England, and Stephen the south-east and the Midlands. Large parts of the rest of the country were in the hands of local, independent barons. Matilda returned to Normandy, now in the hands of her husband, in 1148, leaving her eldest son to continue the campaign in England; he eventually succeeded to the throne as Henry II in 1154.

Empress married PLANTAGENET, Count of Anjou Geoffroy V on 22 May 1127 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. Geoffroy (son of ANJOU, King of Jerusalem, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine Foulques V le Jeune Count of and DU MAINE, Ermengarde) was born on 24 Aug 1113 in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France; died on 7 Sep 1151 in Loire, Rhône-Alpes, France; was buried in Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Heir apparent to the Kingdom of Alba. He was also the 3rd Earl of Northumberland and the 3rd Earl of Huntingdon.

Family/Spouse: DE WARENNE, Ada. Ada (daughter of DE WARREN, William II and VERMANDOIS, Elizabeth of) was born in 1120; died in 1178. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: DE MERLAY, Lord Ralph. Ralph was born about 1118 in Morpeth, Northumberland, England; died before 1157 in Morpeth, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Maud married DE CLARE, Walter Fitz Robert in 1148 in Little Dunmow, Essex, England. Walter (son of Living) was born about 1124 in Little Dunmow, Essex, England; died about 1198 in Woodham Walter, Essex, England; was buried in Little Dunmow, Essex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Henry II appears as a character in several modern plays and films. He is a central character in James Goldman's 1966 play The Lion in Winter, set in 1183 and presenting an imaginary encounter between Henry's immediate family and Philip Augustus over Christmas at Chinon.
• Relation to Me: 26 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England
• Name: Henry II Curtmantle Plantagenet
• Birth: 5 Mar 1133, Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France
• Death: 6 Jul 1189, Loire, Rhône-Alpes, France

Notes:

Henry was not a popular king and few expressed much grief on news of his death. Writing in the 1190s, William of Newburgh commented that "in his own time he was hated by almost everyone"; he was widely criticised by his own contemporaries, even within his own court. Many of the changes Henry introduced during his long rule, however, had major long-term consequences. His legal changes are generally considered to have laid the basis for English Common Law, with the Exchequer court a forerunner of the later Common Bench at Westminster. Henry's itinerant justices also influenced his contemporaries' legal reforms: Philip Augustus' creation of itinerant bailli, for example, clearly drew on the Henrician model. Henry's intervention in Brittany, Wales and Scotland also had a significant long-term impact on the development of their societies and governmental systems.

Family/Spouse: DE TOSNY, Ida. Ida (daughter of DE TONY, Ralph and LEICESTER, Margaret of) was born about 1155; died before 1221. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

II married OF AQUITAINE, Duchess of Acquitaine Eleanor on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. Eleanor (daughter of AQUITAINE, Guillaume X of and DE CHATELLERAULT, Aenor) was born on 6 Dec 1122 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France; died on 1 Apr 1204 in Fontevraud Abbey, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France; was buried in Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. He had the second-longest reign in Scottish history before the Act of Union with England in 1707.
• Relation to Me: 25 GGF
• Name: William the Lion; Garbh (the Rough)
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 1165 and 1214; King of Scotland

Family/Spouse: DE AVENAL, Isabel. Isabel (daughter of AVENEL, Robert and Living) died in Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 27 GGM
• Royalty & Nobility: Duchess of Brittany

Family/Spouse: DE BOHUN, Humphrey III. Humphrey (son of DE BOHUN, Humphrey II and HEREFORD, Margaret of) was born in 1144; died in Dec 1181. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Web Address: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Merlay-2

Family/Spouse: DE STUTEVILLE, Alice. Alice was born in 1144 in Burton Agnes, Yorkshire, England; died in Apr 1202 in Morpeth, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Leader of the Magna Carta Barons; chosen by fellow barons to command the army and rebellion against King John
• Relation to Me: 24 GGF
• Web Address: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fitzwalter
• Web Address: https://frontlinestates.ltd.uk/2060-2/
• Web Address: https://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/robert-fitzwalter/
• Web Address: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Fitzwalter
• Web Address: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/FitzWalter-101
• Residence: Little Dunmow, Essex, England; Primary family property
• Title: Constable of Baynard's Castle
• Title: Marshal of the Army of God and Holy Church
• Magna Carta: 1215; Leader of the Magna Carta Barons; chosen by fellow barons to command the army and rebellion against King John
• Misc: 1215; - Leader of the Magna Charta Barons; chosen by fellow barons to command the army and rebellion against King John
• _MILT: 20 May 1217; Fitzwalter fought in the Second Battle of Lincoln, in which the baronial forces were thoroughly defeated. Fitzwalter himself was taken prisoner along with his son and most of the leaders of his party.
• _MILT: Between 1219 and 1221; Fifth Crusade - Holy Land with Earl Saer of Winchester and Earl William d'Aubigny of Arundel. He departed from Genoa in August, shortly after the main force of the crusade left Brindisi, and arrived in Acre some time in September.[19] Before he arri

Notes:

Robert FitzWalter, born around 1180 and dying in 1235, was a prominent figure in the baronial opposition against King John of England, playing a significant role in the events leading up to the Magna Carta. He was the son of Walter FitzRobert of Woodham Walter and Maud de Lucy. Robert FitzWalter was the leader of the Magna Charta Barons and their Army, styled "Marshal of the Army of God and the Holy Church.

Inheriting his father's estates in 1198, Robert became one of the wealthiest and most powerful English barons. His lands were spread across several counties, including the Barony of Little Dunmow in Essex and the Barony of Benington in Hertfordshire. His marriage to Gunnora de Valoines brought him additional lands and knight's fees.

Robert's early life was marked by controversy, particularly his and Saer de Quincy's surrender of the castle of Vaudreuil in Normandy to King Philip of France in 1203. This act, which occurred without resistance, led to accusations of cowardice and collusion with the enemy, though the true motives behind their actions remain unclear.

The relationship between Robert and King John deteriorated significantly in 1212. The exact reasons for this are not entirely clear, but chroniclers suggest various causes, including a personal dispute over rights in Binham Priory and a more serious accusation involving John's alleged attempt to seduce Robert's daughter Matilda. Additionally, Robert's ties with the Braose family, who were enemies of John, likely contributed to the tension.

Robert and Eustace de Vesci fled England in 1212, with Robert seeking refuge in France. They were reconciled with King John in 1213 as part of a general settlement with the Church, but Robert's relationship with the king remained strained.

By 1215, Robert emerged as a leader in the baronial opposition. He was present at the meeting at Bury St Edmunds, where the barons swore to compel John to confirm the coronation charter of Henry I. He played a key role in the rebellion, leading to the sealing of the Magna Carta. Robert was appointed as one of the Twenty Five barons responsible for enforcing the charter's provisions.

Following the rejection of the Magna Carta by King John, civil war ensued. Robert was instrumental in maintaining baronial control of London and played a significant role in the ensuing conflict. He was captured at the Battle of Lincoln in 1217 but was released following the conclusion of peace.

Robert later participated in the Fifth Crusade and returned to England to witness the final reissue of the Magna Carta in 1225. He died on 9 December 1235 and was buried at Dunmow Priory. His life was marked by his opposition to King John and his significant contribution to the Magna Carta, a cornerstone of English constitutional history.

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Robert married UNK, Rohese in 1203 in Woodham Walter, Essex, England. Rohese was born in 1180 in Essex, England; died on 4 Jan 1236 in Dunmow, Essex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 25 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Earl of Salisbury

Notes:

Bastard son of King Henry II

Family/Spouse: SALISBURY, Ela of. Ela (daughter of FITZPATRICK, High Sheriff of Somerset and Dorset William and Living) was born in 1187; died in 1261. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 26 GU
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England
• Name: Lionheart

Richard married NAVARRE, Berengaria Princess of on 12 May 1191. Berengaria was born in 1163; died on 23 Dec 1230 in Abbey of L'Esau Le Mans Sarte, Pays de la Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: King John Treachery and Tyranny
• Differentiator: King and signer of the Magna Carta
• Relation to Me: 25 GGF
• Name: John Lackland
• Royalty & Nobility: Between 6 Apr 1199 and 19 Oct 1216; King of England
• Magna Carta: 1215; King and signer of the Magna Carta

Notes:

John lost the Duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France, resulting in the collapse of most of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the Capetian dynasty during the 13th century. The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of Magna Carta, a document sometimes considered to be an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom.

Contemporary chroniclers were mostly critical of John's performance as king, and his reign has since been the subject of significant debate and periodic revision by historians from the 16th century onwards. Historian Jim Bradbury has summarised the current historical opinion of John's positive qualities, observing that John is today usually considered a "hard-working administrator, an able man, an able general". Nonetheless, modern historians agree that he also had many faults as king, including what historian Ralph Turner describes as "distasteful, even dangerous personality traits", such as pettiness, spitefulness and cruelty.[3] These negative qualities provided extensive material for fiction writers in the Victorian era, and John remains a recurring character within Western popular culture, primarily as a villain in films and stories depicting the Robin Hood legends.

Died:
Newark Castle, Lincolnshire, England

Family/Spouse: DE WARENNE, Adela "Ela". Adela (daughter of DE WARENNE, Hamelin and DE WARENNE, Isabel) was born about 1170; died on 27 May 1240 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: ANGOULEME, Isabella of. Isabella (daughter of ANGOULEME, last Count of Angoulême of the House of Taillefer. Aymer of and COURTENAY, Alice of) was born in 1188; died on 4 Jun 1246. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 26 GU
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Princess of England, Queen of Castile and Toledo

Notes:

In 1170 Eleanor married King Alfonso VIII of Castile in Burgos.[1] Her parents' purpose in arranging the marriage was to secure Aquitaine's Pyrenean border, while Alfonso was seeking an ally in his struggles with Sancho VI of Navarre. In 1177, this led to Henry overseeing arbitration of the border dispute.[8]

Around the year 1200, Alfonso began to claim that the duchy of Gascony was part of Eleanor's dowry, but there is no documented foundation for that claim. It is highly unlikely that Henry II would have parted with so significant a portion of his domains. At most, Gascony may have been pledged as security for the full payment of his daughter's dowry. Her husband went so far on this claim as to invade Gascony in her name in 1205. In 1206, her brother John granted her safe passage to visit him, perhaps to try opening peace negotiations. In 1208, Alfonso yielded on the claim.[9] Decades later, their great-grandson Alfonso X of Castile would claim the duchy on the grounds that her dowry had never been fully paid.

Of all Eleanor of Aquitaine's daughters, her namesake was the only one who was enabled, by political circumstances, to wield the kind of influence her mother had exercised.[10] In her own marriage treaty, and in the first marriage treaty for her daughter Berengaria, Eleanor was given direct control of many lands, towns, and castles throughout the kingdom.[11] She was almost as powerful as Alfonso, who specified in his will in 1204 that she was to rule alongside their son in the event of his death, including taking responsibility for paying his debts and executing his will.[12] It was she who persuaded him to marry their daughter Berengaria to Alfonso IX of León. Troubadours and sages were regularly present in Alfonso VIII's court due to Eleanor's patronage.[13]

Eleanor took particular interest in supporting religious institutions. In 1179, she took responsibility to support and maintain a shrine to St. Thomas Becket in the cathedral of Toledo. She also created and supported the Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas, which served as a refuge and tomb for her family for generations, and its affiliated hospital.[14]

When Alfonso died, Eleanor was reportedly so devastated with grief that she was unable to preside over the burial. Their eldest daughter Berengaria instead performed these honours. Eleanor then went sick and died only twenty-six days after her husband, and was buried at Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas.[15]

Family/Spouse: CASTILE, Alfonso VIII of. Alfonso (son of CASTILE, Sancho III of and NAVARRE, Blanche of) was born on 11 Nov 1155; died on 5 Oct 1214. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Illegitimate daughter of William the Lion King of Scots by a daughter of Robert Avenel.

Notes:

Isabel of Scotland is identified as a natural daughter, (born out of wedlock), of King William, the Lion. The name of her mother is Isabel de Avenal, spouse of Robert de Avenel. Isabel of Scotland married (2nd) Robert de Roos of Helmsley, Yorkshire.

Bruce, Robert de IV d. before 1191, son of Robert III, was married in 1183 to Isabel, daughter of William the Lion, by a daughter of Robert Avenel, when he was given the manor of Haltwhistle in Tyndale as her dowry


Birth:
Illegitimate daughter of William the Lion King of Scots by a daughter of Robert Avenel.

Isabella married DE ROS, Lord of Hamlake Castle, Yorkshire; Bailiff and Castellan of Bonneville-sur-Touques in Lower Normandy Robert in 1191. Robert (son of DE ROS, Everard and ROESE) was born in 1172 in Helmsley, Yorkshire, England; died in 1227 in Helmsley, Yorkshire, England; was buried in 1227 in London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabella married BRUCE, Robert IV in 1183 in Scotland. Robert (son of Living and Living) was born in 1144 in Annan, Dumfries-shire, Scotland; died in 1190. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: Magna Carta Baron: not a direct ancestor
• Relation to Me: 29 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: 1st Earl of Hereford
• Magna Carta: 1215; Magna Carta Baron, not a direct ancestor

Notes:

Henry de Bohun was one of the 25 sureties of the Magna Carta in 1215, and was subsequently excommunicated by the Pope.[1] [2]

"Henry de Bohun was a member of the Essex-based family grouping brought to the rebel cause by kinship with Geoffrey de Mandeville and Robert FitzWalter. His family also held important blocks of lands in the west of England."[6]

In 1215 he joined the confederacy of the barons against the king, and his lands were seized by the king. He was one of the twenty-five barons elected to guarantee the observance of Magna Carta, signed by King John 15 June 1215. In consequence he was among the barons excommunicated by Pope Innocent III 16 Dec 1215.[2]

Family/Spouse: FITZGEOFFREY, Maud. Maud (daughter of FITZPIERS, Geoffrey and SAY, Beatrice) was born in 1184; died on 27 Aug 1236 in Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Web Address: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Merlay-1

Family/Spouse: GOBION, Richard. Richard was born about 1180 in Horton, Hardingstone, Northamptonshire, England; died before 29 Dec 1230 in Gascony, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 24 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Justiciary of Ireland

Family/Spouse: DE RIDELISFORD, Emeline. Emeline (daughter of Living and Living) was born in 1220; died in 1276. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Earl of Salisbury

Family/Spouse: CAMVILLE, Idione. Idione (daughter of CAMVILLE, Richard and BASSET, Eustachia) was born in 1205; died in 1251. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Title: Son of King John I with his mistress

Richard married DE DOVER, Rohese in 1207 in Chilham, Kent, England. Rohese (daughter of DE DOVER, Fulbert Robert and DEBRIWERE, Isabel) was born in 1200 in Chilham, Kent, England; died in 1265 in Chilham, Kent, England; was buried in London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Henry III: The Great King England Never Knew It Had
• Books About: Henry III: The Rise to Power and Personal Rule, 1207-1258 (Volume 1) (The English Monarchs Series
• Books About: The Silken Rose
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England
• Name: Henry of Winchester

Family/Spouse: PROVENCE, Eleanor of. Eleanor (daughter of BERENGUER, Ramon IV and SAVOY, Beatrice of) was born in 1223; died on 24 Jun 1291. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: MARSHAL, Isabel. Isabel (daughter of MARSHAL, William and DE CLARE, Isabel) was born on 9 Oct 1200 in Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales; died on 17 Jan 1240 in Berkhampstead Castle, Hertfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Ladies of the Magna Carta
• Name: Lady of Wales, Lady of Snowdon

Family/Spouse: IORWERTH, Llywelyn ap. Llywelyn (son of DRWYNDWN, Iorwerth and MADOG, Marared ferch) was born in 1173 in Aberffraw Castle, Anglesey, Wales; died on 11 Apr 1240 in Aberconwy Abbey, Nant Conwy, Arllechwedd Cantref, Gwynedd, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: FRANCE, King of France King Louis VIII of. King (son of FRANCE, King of France King Philip II Augustus and OF HAINAUT, Isabelle) was born on 5 Sep 1187; died on 8 Nov 1226. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Queen of Castile and Toledo; Queen consort of Leon

Family/Spouse: LEON, Alfonso IX of. Alfonso (son of LEON, Ferdinand II of and PORTUGAL, Urraca of) was born on 15 Aug 1171; died on 24 Sep 1230. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Web Address: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Ros-150

Notes:

William's mother is Isabel of Scotland, illegitimate daughter of William the Lion. His father is Robert de Roos, Magna Carta Surety, 4th Baron Hamlake, Sheriff of Cumberland

William married FITZPETER, Lucy on 24 Jan 1264. Lucy (daughter of FITZPETER, Peter and Living, daughter of Living and Living) was born in 1204; died in 1266. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Differentiator: He was one of the nine godfathers of Prince Edward, later to be Edward I of England.
• Royalty & Nobility: 2nd Earl of Hereford and 1st Earl of Essex, as well as Constable of England

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Lord of Knaptoft
• Web Address: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knaptoft
• Web Address: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/leics/vol5/pp248-256

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: DE ODYNGSELLS, William. William (son of DE ODINGSELLS, William and Living) was born in 1244 in Pirton, Hertfordshire, England; died on 19 Apr 1295 in Solihull, Warwickshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: LA ZOUCHE, Sir Roger. Sir died in 1285. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: DE AUDLEY, James. James (son of Living and Living) was born in 1225; died on 11 Jun 1272. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Lorette married MARMION, Sir William in 1248 in Kent, England. Sir (son of MARMION, Robert VI "The Younger" Sir and TANFIELD, Avice de) was born in 1235 in Glanford Brigg, Winteringham, Lincolnshire, England; died in 1276 in Horncastle, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain
• Royalty & Nobility: King of England
• Name: Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots

Family/Spouse: FRANCE, Margaret of. Margaret (daughter of FRANCE, King of France Phillip III of and BRABANT, Maria of) was born in 1279; died in 1318. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: CASTILE, Queen Consort of England, Coronation date Eleanor of. Eleanor (daughter of CASTILE, Ferdinand III of and DAMMARTIN, Joan of) was born in 1241 in Burgos, Castilla-Leon, Spain; died on 28 Nov 1290. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: OF ARTOIS, Blanche. Blanche (daughter of ARTOIS, Robert I Count of and Living) was born in 1248; died on 2 May 1302. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: SAINT OWEN, Joan. Joan was born in 1260; died in 1300. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Ellen ferch Llewelyn

Family/Spouse: DE QUINCY, Robert. Robert (son of DE QUINCY, Saer and BEAUMONT, Margaret) was born before 1200; died in Aug 1257. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Robert the Good

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: King of France
• Name: Saint Louis

Notes:

Louis IX commonly known as Saint Louis, was King of France, the ninth from the House of Capet, and is a canonized Catholic and Anglican saint.

Louis was crowned in Reims at the age of 12, following the death of his father Louis VIII the Lion, although his mother, Blanche of Castile, ruled the kingdom until he reached maturity. During Louis' childhood, Blanche dealt with the opposition of rebellious vassals and put an end to the Albigensian Crusade which had started 20 years earlier.

As an adult, Louis IX faced recurring conflicts with some of the most-powerful nobles, such as Hugh X of Lusignan and Peter of Dreux. Simultaneously, Henry III of England tried to restore his continental possessions, but was utterly defeated at the battle of Taillebourg. His reign saw the annexation of several provinces, notably Normandy, Maine and Provence.

Louis IX was a reformer and developed French royal justice, in which the king was the supreme judge to whom anyone could appeal to seek the amendment of a judgment. He banned trials by ordeal, tried to prevent the private wars that were plaguing the country, and introduced the presumption of innocence in criminal procedure. To enforce the application of this new legal system, Louis IX created provosts and bailiffs.

Following a vow he made after a serious illness and confirmed after a miraculous cure, Louis IX took an active part in the Seventh and Eighth Crusades. He died from dysentery during the latter crusade, and was succeeded by his son Philip III.

Louis's actions were inspired by Christian zeal and Catholic devotion. He decided to severely punish blasphemy (for which he set the punishment to mutilation of the tongue and lips),[1] gambling, interest-bearing loans and prostitution. He spent exorbitant sums on presumed relics of Christ, for which he built the Sainte-Chapelle, and he expanded the scope of the Inquisition and ordered the burning of Talmuds and other Jewish books. He is the only canonized king of France, and there are consequently many places named after him.

Died:
During his second crusade, Louis died of Dysentery

Family/Spouse: PROVENCE, Margaret of. Margaret was born in 1221; died on 20 Dec 1295. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: OF PROVENCE, Beatrice. Beatrice was born in 1229; died on 23 Sep 1267. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Between 31 Aug 1217 and 30 May 1252; King of Castile and Toledo

Family/Spouse: DAMMARTIN, Joan of. Joan was born in 1220; died on 16 Mar 1279. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Birth:
Trusbutt, & Belvoir, Helmsley, Yorkshire, England

Robert married ALBINI, Isabella on 17 May 1244. Isabella (daughter of ALBINI, William and UNKNOWN, Isabel) was born in 1233 in Belvoir Castle, Leicestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: Knight
• Web Address: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Ros-146

Family/Spouse: FITZRALPH, Eustacia. Eustacia was born about 1240 in Ingmanthorpe, Yorkshire, England; died in 1309 in Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Web Address: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Gobion-1

Family/Spouse: DE MORTEYN, John. John was born in 1260 in Tillsworth, Bedfordshire, England; died about 1296. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married DEGREY, John in 1299 in Rotherfield, Sussex, England. John was born in 1271 in Rotherfield, Sussex, England; died on 17 Oct 1311 in Rotherfield, Oxfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: DE SEGRAVE, Eleanor. Eleanor was born in 1270; died in 1314. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 23 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: Knight of Heleigh

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: DE ODYNGSELLS, William. William (son of DE ODINGSELLS, William and Living) was born in 1244 in Pirton, Hertfordshire, England; died on 19 Apr 1295 in Solihull, Warwickshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: John I

Notes:

SIR JOHN MARMION, son and heir. In 1278 he was distrained for knighthood as holding a knight's fee in Sussex. On 2 November 1281 he was pardoned for a sum taken by his father from the Sheriff of Yorkshire during the disturbances of 1265. In 1284-85 he was returned as holding the manor of Quinton, co. Gloucester, of Philip Marmion (of Tamworth), who held it of the Earl of Leicester, who held in chief. On 16 April 1291 he was summoned for military service, to be at Norham on 3 June. On 5 May 1292 he had a grant to him and his heirs of free warren in his demesne lands in East Tanfield, Carthorpe, (Little) Langton, co. York, Winteringham, co. Lincoln, Luddington, Northants, Nether and Over Quinton, co. Gloucester, and Berwick, Winton and Pikehay, Sussex. On 8 June 1294 he was summoned to attend the King wherever he might be on urgent affairs, and on 14 June was excepted from service in Gascony. On 16 December 1295 he was summoned to be at Newcastle on 1 March following for military service against the Scots. In 1296 he did homage to the Archbishop of York for tenements in Ripon. On 26 January 1296/7 he was summoned to attend the Parliament at Salisbury on 24 February and on 15 May 1297 was summoned to be in London on 7 July for service overseas with the King. In the same year and in 1298, 1300-1, and 1306 he was again summoned for service against the Scots, and in 1303 was ordered to place himself with his forces under the command of the King's lieutenant in Scotland. He was elected a Knight of the shire for co. Lincoln, to be present at the Parliament at York on 25 May 1298. On 18 March 1298/9 he, as lord of Tanfield, agreed with Fountains Abbey to abide by the charter of Avice his grandmother with respect to the property held of him by the monks in Melmerby. In 1303 he was returned as having held of Robert de Tateshale 8 carucates in Hunmanby by the service of one knight's fee. On 2 July 1304 he agreed to alienate in mortmain to the Abbot and convent of Peterborough the manor of Lullyngton (Lutton), which he held by the service of 1/2 knight's fee. In the same year a perambulation was ordered to be made between his land and that of Alice de Lacy in Lincolnshire. On 23 July 1310 he had licence to alienate in mortmain a messuage, two bovates of land, and 44s. 4d. rent in Winteringharn and Beelsby for the maintenance of a chaplain to celebrate divine service daily in the chapel of St. Nicholas, Winteringham, for the souls of the grantor, Isabel his wife, of Alexander Peck, and their ancestors and successors. and 1322 he was again summoned for service against the Scots. He was summoned to Parliament from 23 September 1313 to 2 May 1322, by writs directed Johanni Marmyon or de Marmioun, whereby he is held to have become LORD MARMION. On 8 February 1313/4 John Marmion the elder, John Marmion the younger, and others were the subject of complaint by the Abbot of Fountains for various trespasses and assaults. On 24 September 1314 he was granted a licence to crenellate his dwelling-place called 'Lermitage' in his wood of Tanfield, and on 26 September 1317 a weekly market and a yearly fair at his manor of Winteringham, with free warren in his demesne lands in Willingham. On 18 June 1320 he was appointed a conservator of the peace in the county of Lincoln. He was ordered to abstain from attending Thomas, Earl of Lancaster's meeting of 'good peers' at Doncaster on 29 November 1321; and to appear with his forces at Coventry, 28 February 1321/2, for the purpose of marching against the Earl's adherents.

He married Isabel (l). He died before 7 May 1322. [Complete Peerage VIII:518-20, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]

(l) This appears from his foundation of the Winteringham chantry, and it is possible that she was the daughter of Alexander Peck, but for this there is no sufficient evidence available. 1622

Birth:
Quinton, Shipston-on-Stour, Gloucestershire, England

Died:
Tanfield, North Riding Yorkshire, England

1st married ISABEL in Feb 1332. was born about 1266 in Lincolnshire, England; died on 15 Jan 1337 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: 1st Earl of Norfolk

Thomas married DE HALYS, Alice on 8 Jan 1326. Alice (daughter of Living and Living) died in 1330. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: 1st Earl of Kent

Notes:

Died:
executed for treason

Family/Spouse: WAKE, Margaret. Margaret (daughter of WAKE, John and Living) was born in 1297; died on 19 Sep 1349. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: King of England
• Name: Edward of Caernarfon

Notes:

Edward was an unusual character by medieval standards. Edward looked the part of a Plantagenet king to perfection. He was tall, athletic, and wildly popular at the beginning of his reign.[18] He rejected most of the traditional pursuits of a king for the period-jousting, hunting and warfare-and instead enjoyed music, poetry and many rural crafts.[19] Furthermore, there is the question of Edward's sexuality in a period when homosexuality of any sort was considered a serious crime, but there is no direct evidence of his sexual orientation. However, contemporary chroniclers made much of his close affinity with a succession of male favourites; some condemned Edward for loving them "beyond measure" and "uniquely", others explicitly referring to an "illicit and sinful union".

Edward married Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edward married FRANCE, Isabella of on 25 Jan 1308 in Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France. Isabella (daughter of FRANCE, Philip IV of and NAVARRE, Jeanne de) was born in 1295 in Paris, Île-de-France, France; died on 22 Aug 1358. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: (Elizabeth Plantagenet), daughter of King Edward I of England

Family/Spouse: DE BOHUN, Humphrey. Humphrey (son of DE BOHUN, Humphrey VI and DE FIENNES, Maud) was born in 1276 in Pleshey, Essex, England; died on 16 Mar 1322. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Daughters of Edward I
• Royalty & Nobility: English princess, a daughter of King Edward I of England and Queen Eleanor of Castile.
• Name: Plantagenet; Joan of Acre

Notes:

Joan of Acre (April 1272 - 23 April 1307) was an English princess, a daughter of King Edward I of England and Queen Eleanor of Castile.[2] The name "Acre" derives from her birthplace in the Holy Land while her parents were on a crusade.

Joan is most notable for the claim that miracles have allegedly taken place at her grave, and for the multiple references to her in literature.

Joan’s burial place has been the cause of some interest and debate. She is interred in the Augustinian priory at Clare, which had been founded by her first husband's ancestors and where many of them were also buried. Allegedly, in 1357, Joan’s daughter, Elizabeth De Burgh, claimed to have “inspected her mother's body and found the corpse to be intact”,[32] which in the eyes of the Roman Catholic Church is an indication of sanctity. This claim was only recorded in a fifteenth-century chronicle, however, and its details are uncertain, especially the statement that her corpse was in such a state of preservation that "when her paps [breasts] were pressed with hands, they rose up again." Some sources further claim that miracles took place at Joan's tomb,[32] but no cause for her beatification or canonization has ever been introduced.

Joan of Acre makes an appearance in Virginia Henley's historical romance Infamous. In the book, Joan, known as Joanna, is described as a promiscuous young princess, vain, shallow and spoiled. In the novel she is only given one daughter, when she historically had eight children. There is no evidence that supports this picture of Joan.[33]

In The Love Knot by Vanessa Alexander, Joan of Acre is an important character. The author portrays a completely different view of the princess from the one in Henley’s novel. The Love Knot tells the story of the love affair between Ralph de Monthermer and Joan of Acre through the discovery of a series of letters the two had written to each other.[34]

Between historians and novelists, Joan has appeared in various texts as either an independent and spirited woman or a spoiled brat. In Lives of the Princesses of England by Mary Anne Everett Green, Joan is portrayed as a “giddy princess” and neglectful mother.[35] Many have agreed to this characterization; however, some authors think there is little evidence to support the assumption that Joan of Acre was a neglectful or uncaring mother

Joan married CLARE, Gilbert on 23 Apr 1290 in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England. Gilbert (son of CLARE, Richard and LACY, Maud) was born on 2 Sep 1242 in Christchurch, Hampshire, England; died on 7 Dec 1295 in Monmouth Castle, Monmouthshire, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: DE MONTHERMER, Ralph. Ralph was born in 1270; died on 5 Apr 1325. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Henry Plantagent

Notes:

Died:
buried Newark Abbey, Nottinghamshire

Family/Spouse: CHAWORTH, Maud. Maud (daughter of DE CHAWORTH, Patrick and DE BEAUCHAMP, Lady Isabella) was born on 2 Feb 1282; died on 3 Dec 1322. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: HOWARD, John. John (son of HOWARD, William and FITTON, Alice) was born in 1276; died in 1333. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Hawise married WAKE, Baldwin before 5 Feb 1268. Baldwin was born about 1238 in Blisworth, Northamptonshire, England; died between 5 Feb 1281 and 1282. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: HENRY, I. I (son of NAVARRE, Theobald I of and BOURBON, Margaret of) was born in 1244; died on 22 Jul 1274. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: CROUCHBACK, Edmund. Edmund (son of ENGLAND, Henry III and PROVENCE, Eleanor of) was born on 16 Jan 1245 in London, England; died on 5 Jun 1296 in Bayonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Aquitaine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: King of France
• Name: King Philippe III of France
• Name: the Bold
• Birth: 1 May 1245
• Death: 1285

Family/Spouse: ARAGON, Isabella of. Isabella (daughter of ARAGON, James I of and HUNGARY, Violant of) was born in 1248; died on 28 Jan 1271. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: BRABANT, Maria of. Maria was born on 13 May 1254; died on 12 Jan 1322. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: OF HUNGARY, Maria. Maria was born in 1257; died on 25 Mar 1323. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Books About: Eleanor Of Castile: The Shadow Queen
• Royalty & Nobility: Queen of England

Notes:

First queen consort of Edward I of England, whom she married as part of a political deal to affirm English sovereignty over Gascony.

The marriage was known to be particularly close, and Eleanor travelled extensively with her husband. She was with him on the Eighth Crusade, when he was wounded at Acre, but the popular story of her saving his life by sucking out the poison has long been discredited. When she died, near Lincoln, her husband famously ordered a stone cross to be erected at each stopping-place on the journey to London, ending at Charing Cross.

Family/Spouse: ENGLAND, Edward I of. Edward (son of ENGLAND, Henry III and PROVENCE, Eleanor of) was born on 17 Jun 1239; died on 7 Jul 1307. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Royalty & Nobility: 1st Lord Ros of Helmsley; Governor of Wark Castle; Warden of the Marches

William married VAUX, Maud before 1287. Maud was born in 1261 in Vaux, Allier, Auvergne, France; died in 1312; was buried in 1312 in Pentney Priory, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Web Address: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Ros-68
• Name: Lucia

Family/Spouse: PLUMPTON, Sir Robert. Robert was born about 1262 in Yorkshire, England; died about 1326 in Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Relation to Me: 23 GGF
• Royalty & Nobility: 3rd Earl of Hereford and 2nd Earl of Essex

Notes:

English nobleman known primarily for his opposition to King Edward I over the Confirmatio Cartarum.[1] He was also an active participant in the Welsh Wars and maintained for several years a private feud with the earl of Gloucester.

Family/Spouse: DE FIENNES, Maud. Maud (daughter of Living and Living) was born in 1250; died on 6 Nov 1298. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Web Address: https://www.moreteynemanor.co.uk/about-us/
• Web Address: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Morteyn-2
• _MILT: 1296; Participated in the campaign against Berwick-upon-Tweed
• _MILT: 1 Mar 1296, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Northumberland, England; Summoned for military service against the Scots, mustering at Newcastle upon Tyne
• Royalty & Nobility: 22 May 1306, Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England; Knight: John was knighted alongside Edward, the Prince of Wales, and about 300 others, including notable figures like Piers Gaveston and Roger Mortimer, on 22 May 1306 at Westminster. This event was described as the greatest since King Arthur's coronation at Caerleon.
• _MILT: 20 Jan 1307; Returned as Knight of the Shire for Bedford to Parliament at Carlisle
• Civil: 1324; Appointed Constable of Rockingham Castle and steward of the forest of Rockingham

Notes:

Sir John de Morteyn, born in 1274 in Tillsworth, Bedfordshire, England, was a knight and a trusted servant of the English crown during the reigns of Edward I, Edward II, and Edward III. His life was marked by significant military and civic contributions.

John de Morteyn's military service began at the age of 22 when he was summoned on 1 March 1296 to perform military service against the Scots, mustering at Newcastle upon Tyne. He participated in the campaign against Berwick-upon-Tweed, where Edward I ordered his army to take the town, resulting in the massacre of 7,500 people.

Inheriting the manor of Marston Morteyn after his father's death in 1296, John became a significant landholder. He was again summoned for military service against the Scots on 24 June 1301, mustering at Berwick-upon-Tweed.

John was knighted alongside Edward, the Prince of Wales, and about 300 others, including notable figures like Piers Gaveston and Roger Mortimer, on 22 May 1306 at Westminster. This event was described as the greatest since King Arthur's coronation at Caerleon.

On 20 January 1307, Sir John de Morteyn was returned as Knight of the Shire for Bedford to Parliament at Carlisle. He was also appointed a Commissioner of the Peace for Bedford.

In 1324, John was appointed Constable of Rockingham Castle, Northamptonshire, and given the stewardship of the forest of Rockingham. His duties included overseeing royal grants, assisting in the execution of traitors, keeping state prisoners in custody, paying garrisoned soldiers, and defending the possessions of the Church.

John de Morteyn was involved in various commissions of array, responsible for raising soldiers for the defense of the realm, especially against threats from France. He was also involved in legal matters as a Commissioner of oyer and terminer, investigating and determining court cases.

In his later years, John de Morteyn faced a conspiracy by the Augustinian prior of Dunstable, John of Cheddington, who accused him of supporting Henry, Earl of Lancaster. John successfully defended himself, and the prior was imprisoned.

Sir John de Morteyn passed away in 1346 at about the age of 72 in Bedfordshire, England.

Family/Spouse: DE ROTHWELL, Joan. Joan (daughter of Living) was born in 1283 in Tillsworth, Bedfordshire, England; died about 1305 in Buckinghamshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Misc: 1348; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter

Notes:

John fought in Scotland (1327, 1335) and France (1342-6).[1] He was imprisoned for three months in 1332 for drawing his knife in the presence of the king, in a quarrel with William la Zouche Mortimer.[1]

John de Grey fought at the Battle of Crecy in France in 1346.[1] This battle was the first in which the longbow played a significant role, changing the nature of warfare from earlier chivalrous attacks to those taking into account the terrain and use of peasant fighters.[4] John was then given permission to crenelate his manors, and was made a Founder Knight of the Garter in 1348.[1]

John de Grey died 1 sep 1359 at Rotherfield, Oxfordshire.[1] The record of his post mortem inquisition shows the extent of his enormous holdings.[5]

Birth:
Rotherfield, Oxfordshire, England

Died:
Rotherfield, Oxfordshire, England

John married MARMION, Avice in 1342 in Lincolnshire, England. Avice (daughter of MARMION, Sir, 2nd Baron Marmion of Tanfield John and DE FURNIVAL, Maud) was born in 1309 in Tanfield, Yorkshire, England; died on 20 Mar 1378. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married FITZALAN, Catherine on 27 Dec 1317 in Rotherfield, Oxfordshire, England. Catherine was born in 1300 in North Riding, Yorkshire, England; died on 7 Aug 1328 in York, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]